{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T08:48:38Z","timestamp":1769158118395,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,20]],"date-time":"2007-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1177027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2880,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Intraoperative Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation. <jats:italic>Introduction<\/jats:italic>: The percutaneous approach to radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation for curative treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) is an investigational technique, and the optimal composition of lesion lines is unknown. We tested an intraoperative RF ablation concept with elimination of left atrial anatomic \u201canchor\u201d reentrant circuits.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:italic>Methods and Results:<\/jats:italic> In 12 patients with an indication for valve surgery and chronic AF, a right atrial\u2010transseptal approach was chosen for access to the left atrium. AF had been present for 4.3 \u00b1 3.9 years; the left atria measured 56 \u00b1 7 mm. Under direct vision, contiguous lesion lines were placed endocardially with temperature\u2010guided RF energy applications for treatment of AF with a specially designed probe. The lesion lines were placed between the mitral annulus and the left lower pulmonary vein, further to the left upper pulmonary vein, from there to the right upper pulmonary vein, and finally to the right lower pulmonary vein. The antiarrhythmic ablation procedure lasted 19 \u00b1 4 minutes. One patient died postoperatively of low cardiac output. During follow\u2010up of 11 \u00b1 6 months, chronic AF was ablated successfully in 9 of 11 patients (82%). Six patients were in stable sinus rhythm or intermittent pacemaker rhythm, and three patients were in sinus rhythm with intermittent atypical atrial flutter.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>: Intraoperative RF energy application for induction of contiguous lesion lines is feasible. Elimination of anatomically defined \u201canchor\u201d reentrant circuits within the left atrium prevented chronic AF in &gt; 80% of the patients treated. Intraoperative validation of lesion line concepts for curative treatment of AF may he transferred to percutaneous ablation techniques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1999.tb00256.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,20]],"date-time":"2007-04-20T14:01:39Z","timestamp":1177077699000},"page":"772-780","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Intraoperative Radiofrequency Ablation of Chronic Atrial Fibrillation: A Left Atrial Curative Approach by Elimination of Anatomic \u201cAnchor\u201d Reentrant Circuits"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"HANS","family":"KOTTKAMP","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"GERHARD","family":"HINDRICKS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"DIETER","family":"HAMMEL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R\u00dcDIGER","family":"AUTSCHBACH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00d6RG","family":"MERGENTHALER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MARTIN","family":"BORGGREFE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00dcNTER","family":"BREITHARDT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"FRIEDRICH\u2010WILHELM","family":"MOHR","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"HANS H.","family":"SCHELD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199106063242301"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)93258-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199207303270504"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.85.6.2162"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.86.4.1138"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.89.3.1074","article-title":"Radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial arrhythmias\u2014Results and mechanisms","volume":"89","author":"Lesh MD","year":"1994","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(93)91014-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.90.6.2804"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.7.1839"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.6.1389"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.2.284"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.3.407"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.3.502"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1997.tb00789.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"A catheterbased curative approach to atrial fibrillation in humans","volume":"90","author":"Swartz JF","year":"1994","journal-title":"(Abstract) Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1994.tb01146.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1996.tb00492.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)36684-X","article-title":"The surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation: III. 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