{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T20:20:04Z","timestamp":1758399604303},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,20]],"date-time":"2007-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1177027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2514,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Electrical Remodeling of the Heart due to Rate. <jats:italic>Introduction:<\/jats:italic> We previously demonstrated in dogs that a transient rate increase superimposed on bradycardia causes prolongation of ventricular refractoriness that persists for hours after resumption of bradycardia. In this study, we examined changes in membrane currents that are associated with this phenomenon.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:italic>Methods and Results:<\/jats:italic> The whole cell, patch clamp technique was used to record transmembrane voltages and currents, respectively, in single mid\u2010myocardial left ventricular myocytes from dogs with 1 week of complete AV block; dogs either underwent 1 hour of left ventricular pacing at 120 beats\/min or did not undergo pacing. Pacing significantly heightened mean phase 1 and peak plateau amplitudes by \u223c6 and \u223c3 mV, respectively (P &lt; 0.02). and prolonged action potential duration at 90% repolarization from 235 \u00b1 8 msec to 278 \u00b1 8 msec (1 Hz; P = 0.02). Rapid pacing\u2010induced changes in transmembrane ionic currents included (1) a more pronounced cumulative inactivation of the 4\u2010aminopyridine\u2010sensitive transient outward K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> current, I <jats:sub>to<\/jats:sub> over the range of physiologic frequencies, resulting from a \u223c30% decrease in the population of quickly reactivating channels; (2) increases in peak density of L\u2010type Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> currents, I<jats:sub>ca.I.'<\/jats:sub> by 15% to 35% between +10 and +60 mV; and (3) increases in peak density of the Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010activated chloride current, I<jats:sub>Cl.Ca'<\/jats:sub> by 30% to 120% between +30 and +50 mV.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:italic>Conclusion:<\/jats:italic> Frequency\u2010dependent reduction in I<jats:sub>to<\/jats:sub> combined with enhanced I<jats:sup>Ca.I.<\/jats:sup> causes an increase in net inward current that may he responsible for the observed changes in ventricular repolarization. This augmentation of net cation influx is partially antagonized by an increase in outward I<jats:sub>Ca.Cl.<\/jats:sub><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2000.tb00028.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,20]],"date-time":"2007-04-20T13:13:08Z","timestamp":1177074788000},"page":"652-664","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Changes in Left Ventricular Repolarization and Ion Channel Currents Following a Transient Rate Increase Superimposed on Bradycardia in Anesthetized Dogs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"MICHAEL","family":"RUBART","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JOHN C.","family":"LOPSHIRE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"NAOMI S.","family":"FINEBERG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"DOUGLAS P.","family":"ZIPES","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.2.217"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1998.tb00881.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1994.267.5.H1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"H1096","article-title":"Ito1 dictates behavior of ICl(Ca) during early repolarization of canine ventricle","volume":"273","author":"Zygmunt AC","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.72.3.671"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"523","article-title":"Influence of sodium\u2010calcium exchange on calcium current run down and the duration of calcium\u2010dependent chloride currents in pituitary cells, studied with whole\u2010cell and perforated\u2010patch recording","volume":"95","author":"Korn SJ","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Gen Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00656997"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00582306"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(96)79711-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.101.4.571"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","first-page":"35l","article-title":"Characteristics of the delayed rectifier current (Ikr and Iks) in canine ventricular epicardial, midmyocardial, and endocardial myocytes. A weaker Iks contributes to the longer action potential of the M cell","volume":"76","author":"Liu D","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.14.1898"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.78.2.262"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1991.261.2.C310"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.82.11.1206"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.84.8.964"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.101.4.603"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(89)90670-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","volume-title":"Ionic Channels of Excitable Membranes","author":"Hille B","year":"1992"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1540-8167.2000.tb00028.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2000.tb00028.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,29]],"date-time":"2023-10-29T15:44:23Z","timestamp":1698594263000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2000.tb00028.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2000.tb00028.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2000.tb00028.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1045-3873","1540-8167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1045-3873","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-8167","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]}}}