{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T18:34:42Z","timestamp":1791225282998,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,26]],"date-time":"2007-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1185408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> <jats:italic>Introduction:<\/jats:italic> Rapid firing originating within pulmonary veins (PVs) initiates atrial fibrillation (AF). The following studies were performed to evaluate spontaneous PV firing in patients with AF to distinguish focal versus reentrant mechanisms.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:italic>Methods:<\/jats:italic> Intracardiac recordings were obtained in 18 patients demonstrating paroxysmal AF. Microelectrode (ME) recordings were obtained from superfused canine PV sleeves (N = 48).<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:italic>Results:<\/jats:italic> Spontaneous PV firing (566 \u00b1 16 bpm; 127 \u00b1 6 ms cycle length) giving rise to AF (52 episodes) was observed. Tachycardia\u2010pause initiation was present in 132 of 200 episodes of rapid PV firing and 34 of 52 AF episodes. The pause cycle length preceding PV firing was 1,039 \u00b1 86 ms following tachycardia (420 \u00b1 40 ms cycle length). The remaining episodes were initiated following a 702 \u00b1 32 ms pause during sinus rhythm (588 \u00b1 63 ms). Spontaneous firing recorded with a multipolar mapping catheter did not detect electrical activity bridging the diastolic interval between the initial ectopic and preceding post\u2010pause sinus beat. Tachycardia\u2010pause initiated PV firing (138 \u00b1 7 ms coupling interval) in patients correlated with tachycardia\u2010pause enhanced isometric force, early afterdepolarization (EAD) amplitude, and triggered firing within canine PVs. Rapid firing (1,172 \u00b1 134 bpm; 51 \u00b1 8 ms cycle length) following an abbreviated coupling interval (69 \u00b1 12 ms) was initiated in 13 of 18 canine PVs following tachycardia\u2010pause pacing during norepinephrine + acetylcholine superfusion. Stimulation selectively activating local autonomic nerve terminals facilitated tachycardia\u2010pause triggered firing in canine PVs (5 of 15 vs 0 of 15; P &lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:italic>Conclusions:<\/jats:italic> The studies demonstrate (1) tachycardia\u2010pause initiation of rapid, short\u2010coupled PV firing in AF patients and (2) tachycardia\u2010pause facilitation of isometric force, EAD formation, and autonomic\u2010dependent triggered firing within canine PVs, suggestive of a common arrhythmia mechanism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2007.00909.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,27]],"date-time":"2007-07-27T00:32:56Z","timestamp":1185496376000},"page":"1067-1075","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["Spontaneous Pulmonary Vein Firing in Man: Relationship to Tachycardia\u2010Pause Early Afterdepolarizations and Triggered Arrhythmia in Canine Pulmonary Veins In Vitro"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"EUGENE","family":"PATTERSON","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"WARREN M.","family":"JACKMAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"KAREN J.","family":"BECKMAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"RALPH","family":"LAZZARA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"DEBORAH","family":"LOCKWOOD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"BENJAMIN 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