{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T20:15:45Z","timestamp":1790972145187,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,31]],"date-time":"2008-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1225411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> <jats:bold>Mechanisms of CFAE. <jats:italic>Introduction:<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold> The underlying mechanisms of complex fractionated atrial electrogram (CFAE) during radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) of atrial fibrillation (AF) have not yet been clearly elucidated. We explored the relationships between CFAE and left atrial (LA) voltage, or conduction velocity (CV).<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>\n            <jats:italic>Methods and Results:<\/jats:italic>\n          <\/jats:bold> In 50 patients with AF (23 paroxysmal AF [PAF], 41 males, mean age 55.76 \u00b1 10.16 years), the CFAE (average index of fractionation of electrograms during AF by interval\u2010analysis algorithm, cycle length [CL]\u2264 120 ms) areas, voltage, and CV were measured at eight different quadrants in each patient's LA by analyzing a NavX\u2010guided, color\u2010coded CFAE CL map, a voltage map, and an isochronal map (500 ms pacing) generated by contact bipolar electrograms (70\u2013100 points in the LA). The results were: (1) CFAE areas were predominantly located in the septum, roof, and LA appendage; (2) CFAE area had lower voltage than those in non\u2010CFAE area and was surrounded by the areas of high voltage (P &lt; 0.0001); (3) The CFAE areas had low CVs compared with non\u2010CFAE areas (P &lt; 0.001); and (4) The percentage of CFAE area was lower in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (PeAF) compared with those with PAF (P &lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>\n            <jats:italic>Conclusions:<\/jats:italic>\n          <\/jats:bold> The CFAE area, which is primarily located at the septum, has a low voltage with a lower CV, and is surrounded by high\u2010voltage areas. Underlying electroanatomical complexity is associated with clustering of CFAEs. <jats:italic>(J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 20, pp. 266\u2010272, March 2009)<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2008.01321.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,31]],"date-time":"2008-10-31T18:37:22Z","timestamp":1225478242000},"page":"266-272","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Electrophysiologic Characteristics of Complex Fractionated Atrial Electrograms in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"JAE H.","family":"PARK","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HUI\u2010NAM","family":"PAK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SOOK K.","family":"KIM","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JIN 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