{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T08:25:11Z","timestamp":1791188711831,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,11]],"date-time":"2008-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1226361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> <jats:bold>\n            <jats:italic>Introduction:<\/jats:italic>\n          <\/jats:bold> Popping, char and perforation are complications that can occur following catheter ablation. We measured the amount of grams (g) applied to the endocardium during ablation using a sensor incorporated in the long sheath of a robotic system. We evaluated the relationship between lesion formation, pressure, and the development of complications.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>\n            <jats:italic>Methods:<\/jats:italic>\n          <\/jats:bold> Using a robotic navigation system, lesions were placed in the left atrium (LA) at six settings, using a constant duration (40 seconds) and flow rate of either 17 cc\/min or 30 cc\/min with an open irrigated catheter (OIC). Evidence of complications was noted and lesion location recorded for later analysis at necropsy.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>\n            <jats:italic>Results:<\/jats:italic>\n          <\/jats:bold> Lesions using 30 Watts (W) were more likely to be transmural at higher (&gt;40 g) than lower (&lt;30 g) pressures (75% vs 25%, P &lt; 0.001). Significantly higher number of lesions using &gt;40 g of pressure demonstrated \u201cpopping\u201d and crater formation as compared with lesions with 20\u201330 g of pressure (41% vs 15%, P = 0.008). A majority of lesions placed using higher power (45 W) with higher pressures (&gt;40 g) were associated with char and crater formation (66.7%). No lesions using 10 g of pressure were transmural, regardless of the power. Lesions placed with a power setting less than 35 W were more likely to result in \u201crelative\u201d sparing of the endocardial surface than lesions at a power setting higher than 35 W (62% vs 33.3%, P = 0.02) regardless of the pressure.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>\n            <jats:italic>Conclusions:<\/jats:italic>\n          <\/jats:bold> When using an OIC, lower power settings (\u226435 W) and lower\/medium contact pressure were more likely to show a \u201crelative\u201d spared endocardial surface. Overall, contact pressure between 20 g and 30 g and a power setting of 40 W appeared to achieve transmurality by preserving safety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2008.01355.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,11]],"date-time":"2008-11-11T20:30:24Z","timestamp":1226435424000},"page":"436-440","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":139,"title":["Relationship Between Catheter Forces, Lesion Characteristics, \u201cPopping,\u201d and Char Formation: Experience with Robotic Navigation System"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"LUIGI","family":"DI BIASE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ANDREA","family":"NATALE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CONOR","family":"BARRETT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CARMELA","family":"TAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CLAUDE S.","family":"ELAYI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CHI KEONG","family":"CHING","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PAUL","family":"WANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AMIN","family":"AL\u2010AHMAD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MAURICIO","family":"ARRUDA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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