{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T10:35:20Z","timestamp":1761561320298,"version":"3.37.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,27]],"date-time":"2009-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1235692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold><jats:italic>Objectives:<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold>To examine the effects of chronic amiodarone on the electrophysiology of canine pulmonary vein (PV) sleeve preparations and left ventricular wedge preparation.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold><jats:italic>Background:<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold>Amiodarone is commonly used for the treatment of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias. Ectopic activity arising from the PV plays a prominent role in the development of atrial fibrillation (AF).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold><jats:italic>Methods:<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold>Standard microelectrode techniques were used to evaluate the electrophysiological characteristics of superfused PV sleeve (left superior or inferior) and arterially perfused left ventricular (LV) wedge preparations isolated from untreated and chronic amiodarone\u2010treated dogs (amiodarone, 40 mg\/kg daily for 6 weeks).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold><jats:italic>Results:<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold>In PV sleeves, chronic amiodarone (n = 6) induced a significant increase in action potential duration at 90% repolarization (APD<jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>) and a significant use\u2010dependent reduction in V<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>leading to 1:1 activation failure at long cycle lengths (basic cycle length of 124 \u00b1 15 ms in control vs 420 \u00b1 320 ms after chronic amiodarone [P &lt; 0.01]). Diastolic threshold of excitation increased from 0.3 \u00b1 0.2 to 1.8 \u00b1 0.7 mA (P &lt; 0.01). Delayed and late phase 3 early afterdepolarizations and triggered activity could be induced in PV sleeve preparations using acetylcholine (ACh, 1 \u03bcM), high calcium ([Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub>= 5.4 mM), isoproterenol (Iso, 1 \u03bcM), or their combination in 6 of 6 untreated PV sleeves, but in only 1 of 5 chronic amiodarone\u2010treated PV sleeve preparations. V<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>, conduction velocity, and 1:1 activation failure were much more affected in PV sleeves versus LV wedge preparations isolated from amiodarone\u2010treated animals.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold><jats:italic>Conclusions:<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold>The results point to potent effects of chronic amiodarone to preferentially suppress arrhythmogenic substrates and triggers arising from the PV sleeves of the dog.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2009.01449.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,27]],"date-time":"2009-02-27T15:49:38Z","timestamp":1235749778000},"page":"803-810","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Potent Antiarrhythmic Effects of Chronic Amiodarone in Canine Pulmonary Vein Sleeve 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