{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T22:40:40Z","timestamp":1767825640852,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,27]],"date-time":"2012-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1332806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Functional Block in the Posterior Right Atrium<\/jats:bold>.\u2002<jats:italic>Introduction:<\/jats:italic> Conduction block in the posterior right atrium (RA) plays an important role in perpetuating atrial flutter (AFL). Although conduction blocks have functional properties, it is not clear how the block line changes with the pacing rate, pacing site, and administration of antiarrhythmic drugs.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>\n            <jats:italic>Methods and Results:<\/jats:italic>\n          <\/jats:bold> Forty patients with typical AFL were enrolled. Pacing (110, 170, 230 ppm) from the coronary sinus ostium (CSo) and low lateral RA was performed. After 1 mg\/kg pilsicainide (pure sodium channel blockade) administration, the pacing protocol was repeated. Conduction block was assessed based on a color\u2010coded isopotential map and 20 points of virtual unipolar electrograms in the posterior RA using noncontact mapping. Block line proportion was defined as the percentage of length of the block line between the superior and inferior vena cava. The pacing rate\u2010dependent extension of the block proportion was significant during pacing from both sides (pacing from the CSo: 59 \u00b1 17% at 110 ppm, 69 \u00b1 16% at 230 ppm, P &lt; 0.05; pacing from the low lateral RA: 43 \u00b1 19% at 110 ppm, 55 \u00b1 22% at 230 ppm, P &lt; 0.05). The block line was significantly longer during CSo pacing than during low lateral RA pacing at each rate (all P &lt; 0.05). After pilsicainide administration, the block line extended further.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>\n            <jats:italic>Conclusion:<\/jats:italic>\n          <\/jats:bold> In addition to pacing rate\u2010dependent and site\u2010dependent changes in the block line, pilsicainide further extended the block line length. This phenomenon explains the clinical observation that counterclockwise AFL occurs more frequently than clockwise AFL, and the mechanism of class IC AFL. <jats:italic>(J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 23, pp. 827\u2010834, August 2012)<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2012.02313.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,27]],"date-time":"2012-03-27T17:37:45Z","timestamp":1332869865000},"page":"827-834","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Rate\u2010Dependent and Site\u2010Specific Conduction Block at the Posterior Right Atrium and Drug Effects Evaluated Using a Noncontact Mapping System in Patients with Typical Atrial Flutter"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"MITSURU","family":"TAKAMI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"AKIHIRO","family":"YOSHIDA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"KOJI","family":"FUKUZAWA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ASUMI","family":"TAKEI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"GAKU","family":"KANDA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"KAORU","family":"TAKAMI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"HIROYUKI","family":"KUMAGAI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"SATOKO","family":"TANAKA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MITSUAKI","family":"ITOH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"KIMITAKE","family":"IMAMURA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"RYUDO","family":"FUJIWARA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ATSUSHI","family":"SUZUKI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"KEN\u2010ICHI","family":"HIRATA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.7.1839"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1996.tb00488.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(90)90283-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(86)90210-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.08.066"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.21.2771"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00211-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1998.tb00120.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01401-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-011-9571-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.13.1568"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.67.940"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2003.03068.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2007.00932.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(97)89299-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1997.tb05461.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2008.01157.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eum296"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2010.01917.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2004.40483.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.05.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2008.01371.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.88.4.406"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(96)00480-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-08-0748"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(98)00975-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.74.5.882"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000050148.72502.3A"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.75.6.1014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_2","first-page":"S69","article-title":"Mechanisms of pharmacologic cardioversion of atrial fibrillation by class I drugs","volume":"9","author":"Allessie MA","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1540-8167.2012.02313.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2012.02313.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T07:29:41Z","timestamp":1698650981000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2012.02313.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,27]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2012.02313.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2012.02313.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1045-3873","1540-8167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1045-3873","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-8167","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,27]]}}}