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Markers of kidney disease wasting (KDW) such as hypoalbuminemia, anorexia, body weight and fat loss, rather than traditional cardiovascular risk factors, appear to be the strongest predictors of early death in these patients. The KDW is closely related to oxidative stress (SOX). Such SOX markers as serum myeloperoxidase are associated with pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines and poor survival in MHD patients. Identifying the conditions that modulate the KDW\/SOX\u2010axis may be the key to improving outcomes in MHD patients. Dysfunctional lipoproteins such as a higher ratio of the high\u2010density lipoprotein inflammatory index (HII) may engender or aggravate the KDW, whereas functionally intact or larger lipoprotein pools, as in hypercholesterolemia and obesity, may mitigate the KDW in MHD patients. Hence, a reverse epidemiology or \u201cbad\u2010gone\u2010good\u201d phenomenon may be observed. Diet and gene and their complex interaction may lead to higher proportions of pro\u2010inflammatory or oxidative lipoproteins such as HII, resulting in the aggravation of the SOX and inflammatory processes, endothelial dysfunction, and subsequent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and death in MHD patients. Understanding the factors that modulate the KDW\/SOX complex and their associations with genetic polymorphism, nutrition, and outcomes in MHD patients may lead to developing more effective strategies to improve outcomes in this and the 20 to 30 million Americans with chronic disease states such as individuals with chronic heart failure, advanced age, malignancies, AIDS, or cachexia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-4758.2006.00124.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,3]],"date-time":"2006-10-03T08:40:27Z","timestamp":1159864827000},"page":"315-325","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["The kidney disease wasting: Inflammation, oxidative stress, and diet\u2010gene interaction"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Kamyar","family":"KALANTAR\u2010ZADEH","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaidyanathapuram 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