{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T05:50:27Z","timestamp":1761630627739},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,4]],"date-time":"2012-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hemodialysis International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>H<\/jats:styled-content>emodialysis (HD<\/jats:styled-content>) exposes end\u2010stage renal disease patients to significantly higher risks for H<\/jats:styled-content>epatitis B V<\/jats:styled-content>irus (HBV<\/jats:styled-content>) infection, a major public health scourge. Therefore, current US CDC<\/jats:styled-content> guidelines, last revised in 2001, call for monthly HbsAg<\/jats:styled-content> tests. The charge to M<\/jats:styled-content>edicare per HbsAg<\/jats:styled-content> test is $100. In an economic analysis, we hypothesized that in the new environment of M<\/jats:styled-content>edicare F<\/jats:styled-content>ee B<\/jats:styled-content>undling, this is unwise and wasteful if de novo HBV<\/jats:styled-content> infection rate among HD<\/jats:styled-content> patients is <1%. We determined de novo HBV<\/jats:styled-content> infection rate among a M<\/jats:styled-content>ayo C<\/jats:styled-content>linic HD<\/jats:styled-content> cohort, J<\/jats:styled-content>uly 2000\u2013J<\/jats:styled-content>uly 2010. A retrospective analysis of all relevant medical records of the cohort was completed to identify de novo HBV<\/jats:styled-content> infection. Nine hundred sixty\u2010five HD<\/jats:styled-content> patients were analyzed. One case of de novo HBV<\/jats:styled-content> infection was identified in a 54\u2010year old known IV<\/jats:styled-content> drug user, a previous H<\/jats:styled-content>epatitis C<\/jats:styled-content> carrier. This translates to a de novo HBV<\/jats:styled-content> case incidence rate of 0.1%. De novo HBV<\/jats:styled-content> infection among HD<\/jats:styled-content> patients in the US<\/jats:styled-content>, 2000\u20132010, is only 0.1%. In the early 1970s, rates were as high as 30%. We recommend 3\u2010monthly HbsAg<\/jats:styled-content> testing, but to continue current monthly testing for IV<\/jats:styled-content> drug users and other high\u2010risk groups. Huge cost savings would result, without any compromise of quality outcomes. With over 500,000 HD<\/jats:styled-content> patients, this represents a mind\u2010boggling $40 billion savings in Medicare charges over 10 years. The US CDC<\/jats:styled-content> should revise these outdated guidelines, last revised in 2001, to fall in line with current clinical realities on the ground.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-4758.2012.00748.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,4]],"date-time":"2012-10-04T16:26:27Z","timestamp":1349367987000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["De novo HBV<\/scp> infection in a M<\/scp>ayo C<\/scp>linic hemodialysis population: Economic impact of reduced HBV<\/scp> testing and a call for changes in current US CDC<\/scp> guidelines on HBV<\/scp> testing protocols"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Macaulay A. 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