{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T23:24:09Z","timestamp":1789946649519,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,23]],"date-time":"2009-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1258934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["sigmapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Nursing Scholarship"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p> <jats:bold>Purpose:<\/jats:bold> To examine predictors of depressive symptoms among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)\u2010positive, pregnant women in Thailand.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>Design:<\/jats:bold> Correlational, cross\u2010sectional study.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Data were collected at prenatal clinics in five hospitals in Thailand from January 2004 to January 2006. One hundred twenty\u2010seven HIV\u2010positive pregnant women completed questionnaires in Thai on depressive symptoms, self\u2010esteem, emotional support, physical symptoms, and demographics. Simultaneous multiple regression was used to analyze predictors of depressive symptoms.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>Findings:<\/jats:bold> Seventy\u2010eight percent of the 127 participants reported depressive symptoms to some degree. Physical symptoms (\u03b2= .192, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;.05) were positively associated with depressive symptoms, but self\u2010esteem (\u03b2=\u2212.442, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;.001), emotional support (\u03b2=\u2212.193, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;.01), and financial status (\u03b2=\u2212.209, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;.01) were negatively correlated with depressive symptoms.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> The study results have added new knowledge about depressive symptoms and their predictors in HIV\u2010positive pregnant women in Thailand.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>Clinical Relevance:<\/jats:bold> Depressive symptoms have been associated with faster progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome among HIV\u2010positive individuals. The high rate of depression in our study suggests that HIV\u2010positive pregnant women in Thailand should all be screened for depressive symptoms. Causes of physical symptoms should be identified and treated. Emotional support and self\u2010esteem should be strengthened for HIV\u2010positive pregnant Thai women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1547-5069.2009.01302.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,23]],"date-time":"2009-11-23T20:39:58Z","timestamp":1259008798000},"page":"344-350","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Depressive Symptoms Among HIV\u2010Positive Pregnant Women in Thailand"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Ratchneewan","family":"Ross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilaiphan","family":"Sawatphanit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Zeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/PM.38.1.d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31802f1318"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(99)00108-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.10011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-008-9435-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","volume-title":"Applied multiple regression correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"35","volume-title":"Close relationships","author":"Collins N.L.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","volume-title":"GDP\u2014Percapita 2005","author":"Coutsoukis P.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(04)00070-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","volume-title":"The construction of the self: A developmental perspective","author":"Harter S.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","volume-title":"Work stress and social support","author":"House J. S.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104973299129121811"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","volume-title":"Report on the global AIDS epidemic: Executive summary","author":"Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120220123829"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"352","article-title":"Screening for depression in pregnant women with HIV infection","volume":"53","author":"Levine A.B.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Reproductive Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/cyg041"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010718823753"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Psychosocial and physiological correlates of perceived health among HIV\u2010infected women at high risk for pregnancy in the Southeastern United States","volume":"3","author":"Phillips K.D.","year":"2001","journal-title":"On-line Journal of the Southern Nursing Research Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jana.2007.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120601133659"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","volume-title":"Society and the adolescent self\u2010image","author":"Rosenberg M.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07399330701465218"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2006.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2202\/1548-923X.1165"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"Development of self\u2010esteem among HIV positive pregnant women in Thailand: Action research","volume":"2","author":"Sawatphanit W.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Science, Technology, and Humanities"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2007.00454.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","unstructured":"Srisaeng P.(2003).Self\u2010esteem stressful life events social support and postpartum depression in adolescent mothers in Thailand. Unpublished doctoral dissertation Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH ."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(02)00676-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31817dc3e9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa5201_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa5503&4_17"}],"container-title":["Journal of Nursing Scholarship"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1547-5069.2009.01302.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/sigmapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1547-5069.2009.01302.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T19:50:11Z","timestamp":1696967411000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sigmapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1547-5069.2009.01302.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,23]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1547-5069.2009.01302.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1547-5069.2009.01302.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1527-6546","1547-5069"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1527-6546","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-5069","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-11-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}