{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T01:05:24Z","timestamp":1792285524660,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,10]],"date-time":"2012-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1355097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neuroimaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the interobserver reliability of a newly proposed classification scheme for angiographic classification of spinal vascular malformations including arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHOD<\/jats:title><jats:p>A study was performed done in which 1\u20132 representative angiographic images of 26 spinal AVFs and\/or AVMs were independently classified by five fellows in the ACGME accredited Endovascular Surgical Neuroradiology (ESN) program and two external interventionalists in the absence of any other clinical or imaging data. From these observations the interobserver reliability for each category and the overall scheme were determined in terms of the median weighted kappa statistic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The overall interobserver reliability for the new classification scheme was a Kappa of 0.53 (<jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>= 21.3, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= &lt;.0001) among the seven raters. The Kappa for individual grades was as follows: grade I (<jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>= 0.66), grade II (<jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>= 0.50), grade III (<jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>= 0.44), and grade IV (<jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>= 0.58). Three or more raters agreed on 100% of the cases. The interobserver reliability was high among the two practicing interventionalist raters (<jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>= 0.55, 95% confidence interval 0.3\u20130.8). The interobserver reliability remained high among junior ESN fellows (<jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>= 0.65).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>The new classification scheme provided satisfactory reliability even in the hands of less experienced observers. The scheme can be used with minimal training and other concurrent data and can be relied upon to provide consistent results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2012.00709.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,10]],"date-time":"2012-12-10T20:54:45Z","timestamp":1355172885000},"page":"401-408","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A New Classification Scheme for Spinal Vascular Abnormalities based on Angiographic Features"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Adnan I.","family":"Qureshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1964.tb01142.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1987.67.6.0795"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1995.82.2.0166"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199701000-00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","first-page":"374","article-title":"Classification of spinal cord arteriovenous shunts: proposal for a reappraisal\u2013the Bicetre experience with 155 consecutive patients treated between 1981 and 1999","volume":"51","author":"Rodesch G","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2002.96.2.0145"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000237335.82234.CE"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2006.20.5.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-003-0192-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.219.2.r01ap26346"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"1785","article-title":"Spinal cord vascular disease: characterization with fast three\u2010dimensional contrast\u2010enhanced MR angiography","volume":"20","author":"Binkert CA","year":"1999","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1052-5149(02)00077-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200106000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000018009.83713.06"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","first-page":"378","article-title":"Embolization of spinal cord vascular malformations via the anterior spinal artery","volume":"4","author":"Riche MC","year":"1983","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(92)90083-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","first-page":"1131","article-title":"Neurophysiologic monitoring and pharmacologic provocative testing for embolization of spinal cord arteriovenous malformations","volume":"25","author":"Niimi Y","year":"2004","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","first-page":"883","article-title":"Arteriovenous malformation of the brain\u2013histological study and micrometric measurement of abnormal vessels","volume":"31","author":"Isoda K","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Jpn"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-7015-1_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.1.SPINE08355"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000215891.25153.BA"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0720-048X(03)00093-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2007.6.6.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1996.84.2.0215"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","first-page":"105","article-title":"Posterior approach for cervical intramedullary arteriovenous malformation with diffuse\u2010type nidus. 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