{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T12:15:18Z","timestamp":1763036118966},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,8]],"date-time":"2006-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1141776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>ABSTRACT: <\/jats:bold> When assaying for postmortem morphine concentration, significant site sampling variability exists between central and peripheral sampling sites and even within sampling regions of the body. To study the variation, 76 suspected heroin overdoses were identified. Each had femoral artery (FA) and vein (FV), left and right ventricle and pooled heart blood samples obtained at autopsy. Forty\u2010four tested positive for morphine. Morphine concentrations were determined by gas chromatography\/mass spectrometry, with sampling site differences reported as log\u2010transformed ratios and compared by signed rank test.The mean FA to FV ratio for total morphine was 1.2 (range 0\u20134.5). The ratio for left heart to right heart total morphine was 1.1 (range 0.4\u20133.2). Left ventricular to FV total morphine ratio was 2.0 (range 0.6\u20136.9). In these opioid overdose deaths, FA and FV morphine concentrations are usually similar, although up to 4.5\u2010fold differences were noted. Centrally obtained morphine concentrations are on average twice as high compared with peripheral morphine concentrations. Left and right ventricular morphine concentrations were usually similar, although up to 3.2\u2010fold differences were noted (left side higher).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2006.00067.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,8]],"date-time":"2006-03-08T18:56:01Z","timestamp":1141844161000},"page":"413-420","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["The Influence of Site of Collection on Postmortem Morphine Concentrations in Heroin Overdose Victims"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Cameron S.","family":"Crandall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Kerrigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto L.","family":"Ag\u00fcero Blau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathon","family":"LaValley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ross","family":"Zumwalt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick E.","family":"McKinney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","first-page":"219","article-title":"Poisoning mortality 1985\u20131995","volume":"113","author":"Fingerhut LA","year":"1998","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(98)00044-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","first-page":"435","article-title":"Fatal methadone and heroin overdoses","volume":"51","author":"Neeleman J","year":"1997","journal-title":"time trends in England and Wales"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","unstructured":"New Mexico Office of the Medical Investigator Annual Report 2000: Available athttp:\/\/omi.unm.edu\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","first-page":"57","article-title":"Oxycodone involvement in drug abuse deaths","volume":"27","author":"Cone EJ","year":"2003","journal-title":"a DAWN-based classification scheme applied to an oxycodone postmortem database containing over 1000 cases"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","first-page":"461","article-title":"Postmortem redistribution of morphine in rats","volume":"4","author":"Koren G","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738(88)90172-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdd.2510110802"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/11.5.186"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS14405J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","first-page":"27","volume-title":"Investigation of the postmortem redistribution of opiates. 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