{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T10:49:49Z","timestamp":1775386189617,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,8]],"date-time":"2006-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1141776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>ABSTRACT: <\/jats:bold> The widespread availability of emulsion explosives for commercial blasting has inevitably lead to their diversion for criminal misuse. Present techniques for the characterization of emulsion explosives and their residues is generally based on the detection and identification of the oxidizer and the hydrocarbon components. Use of these components is problematic for residue identification because ammonium nitrate, waxes, and oils are relatively common in the urban environment and even their co\u2010detection does not exclude them being sourced from materials other than explosives. The detection of the emulsifier component offers increased evidential value as certain emulsifiers used in explosive formulations are manufactured for that specific use, or have limited environmental distribution. In the current study liquid chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry (LC\u2010MS) was utilized for the characterization of two emulsifiers in common use; ethanolamine adducts of polyisobutylene succinic anhydride and sorbitol mono\u2010oleate (SMO). The LC\u2010MS technique enabled the detection of both emulsifiers in preblast samples; however, only SMO was detected in postblast residues. The analysis of the hydrocarbon component by gas chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry was achieved in the same procedure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2006.00075.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,8]],"date-time":"2006-03-08T18:56:01Z","timestamp":1141844161000},"page":"303-307","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Identification of the Emulsifier Component of Emulsion Explosives by Liquid Chromatography\u2010Mass Spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"David","family":"De Tata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","unstructured":"YatesDE DackSW.Inventors. ICI Australia assignee. Emulsion explosive composition. US patent 4 710 248. 1987 Dec 1."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-0639-1_19"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-0639-1_9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-0639-1_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","first-page":"211","volume-title":"Advances in forensic sciences. Proceedings of the 13th Meeting of the International Association of Forensic Sciences","author":"Kishi T","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Analysis and Detection of Explosives","author":"Nakamura J","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Analysis and Detection of Explosives","author":"Lau KLM","year":"1997"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","first-page":"36","article-title":"Post explosion analysis of emulsion explosives","volume":"58","author":"Kumooka Y","year":"1997","journal-title":"Kayaku Gakkaishi"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS14958J","article-title":"An environmental study relating to improvised and emulsion\/gel explosives","volume":"46","author":"Walker C","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","unstructured":"The American Chemistry Council Petroleum Additives Panel High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge Program Test plan for polybutylene succinic anhydrides.http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/chemrtk\/polybuty\/c14084tp.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"595","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of chemical technology","author":"Kirk RE, Othmer DF","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","first-page":"755","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of chemical technology","author":"Kirk RF, Othmer DF","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","unstructured":"VenterPN KrugerF. Inventors. Sasol Chemical Industries assignee. Emulsion explosive. US patent 6 478 904. 2002 Nov 12."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","unstructured":"ChattopadhyayAK. Inventor. ICI Canada assignee. Emulsion explosive. US patent 5 500 062. 1996 Mar 19."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","unstructured":"StockburgerGJ. Inventor. ICI Americas assignee. Process for preparing sorbitan esters. US patent 4 297 290. 1981 Oct 27."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","first-page":"261","article-title":"Determination of hydrocarbons in fire remains","volume":"8","author":"Ettling BV.","year":"1963","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1556-4029.2006.00075.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2006.00075.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T06:58:19Z","timestamp":1697007499000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2006.00075.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2006.00075.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2006.00075.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1198","1556-4029"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1198","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-4029","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]}}}