{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T21:17:37Z","timestamp":1791839857963,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,19]],"date-time":"2011-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1313712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Abstract:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Pituitary tumor apoplexy refers to a clinical syndrome precipitated by the expansion of a pituitary adenoma by hemorrhage or infarction. Individuals may present with myriad signs, including sudden onset of severe headache, visual changes, altered mental status, cranial nerve palsies, and hormonal dysfunction. This disorder constitutes a medical emergency and warrants an expedited evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment to prevent the potential sequelae of permanent visual loss, endocrine abnormalities, or death. We report a case of sudden death from undiagnosed pituitary tumor apoplexy. The decedent was evaluated by medical personnel on three occasions in the week prior to her death for severe headache, nausea, vomiting, and photophobia. Postmortem examination demonstrated a hemorrhagic infarction of a pituitary adenoma with necrosis and expansion out of the sella turcica. The recognition of and treatment for a patient with pituitary tumor apoplexy requires a rapid multidisciplinary effort. Failure of prompt diagnosis may be fatal and require a medico\u2010legal death investigation for sudden and unexpected death.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2011.01906.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,20]],"date-time":"2011-08-20T11:14:00Z","timestamp":1313838840000},"page":"262-266","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Sudden and Unexpected Death from Pituitary Tumor Apoplexy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Lisa B.E.","family":"Shields","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Gregory","family":"Balko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Hunsaker III","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066607312992"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","first-page":"789","article-title":"Pathological report of a case of acromegaly with especial reference to the lesions in the hypophysis cerebri and in the thyroid gland and of a case of hemorrhage into the pituitary","volume":"1","author":"Bailey P","year":"1898","journal-title":"Philadelphia Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1950.7.5.0421"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02112028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000144840.55247.38"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-005-1050-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","first-page":"E6","article-title":"Pituitary tumor apoplexy: characteristics, treatment, and outcomes","volume":"4","author":"Verrees M","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-004-0413-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-198003000-00007"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.5858\/2001-125-1024-DIOSDD","article-title":"Decreasing incidence of sudden death due to undiagnosed primary central nervous system tumors","volume":"125","author":"Eberhart CG","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(196501)18:1<117::AID-CNCR2820180117>3.0.CO;2-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1344-6223(01)00026-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wno.0000224146.66843.c7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(96)00085-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2006.104.6.884"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066607312887"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","first-page":"65","article-title":"An interesting case of a pituitary adenoma apoplexy mimicking an acute meningitis. 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