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The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PREMOS<\/jats:styled-content> study is a prospective, longitudinal, naturalistic clinical study of a nationally representative sample of 2694 opioid\u2010dependent patients to investigate convictions and criminal behavior at baseline and after 6\u00a0years of maintenance treatment. At follow\u2010up, 2284 patients still were eligible (84.7%). A comprehensive assessment including a patient and doctor questionnaire, and the Europ<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASI<\/jats:styled-content> was completed at baseline and follow\u2010up. Data on criminality at follow\u2010up had been received for 1147 (70.6%) patients. A large number (84.5%) of them had been charged or convicted at any time before baseline assessment, most frequently with drug\u2010related offenses (66.8%), acquisitive crime (49.1%), or acts of violence (22.0%). Reported charges and convictions had declined to 17.9% for the last 12\u00a0months before follow\u2010up, which was also reflected by a significant decrease in the Europ<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASI<\/jats:styled-content> subscore \u201clegal problems\u201d from 1.52 at baseline to 0.98 after 6\u00a0years. These data indicate a significant and clinically relevant reduction in criminal behavior in opioid\u2010dependent patients in long\u2010term maintenance treatment. Maintenance therapy is effective in the reduction in both narcotics\u2010related and acquisition crime.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2012.02234.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,30]],"date-time":"2012-07-30T14:51:07Z","timestamp":1343659867000},"page":"1524-1530","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Criminal Behavior in Opioid\u2010Dependent Patients Before and During Maintenance Therapy: 6\u2010year Follow\u2010Up of a Nationally Representative Cohort Sample"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Soyka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric Hospital University of Munich Nussbaumstr. 7 80336 Munich Germany"},{"name":"Private Hospital Meiringen P.O. 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