{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T07:03:03Z","timestamp":1761807783426},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"s1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,15]],"date-time":"2012-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1350259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TASER I<\/jats:styled-content>nternational's extended range electronic projectile (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XREP<\/jats:styled-content>) is intended to be fired from a shotgun, impact a threat, and apply remote neuromuscular incapacitation. This study investigated the corresponding potential of blunt impact injury and penetration. Forty\u2010three <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XREP<\/jats:styled-content> rounds were deployed onto two male human cadaver torsos at impact velocities between 70.6 and 95.9\u00a0m\/sec (232 and 315\u00a0ft\/sec). In 42 of the 43 shots fired, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XREP<\/jats:styled-content> did not penetrate the abdominal wall, resulting in superficial wounds only. On one shot, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XREP<\/jats:styled-content>'s nose section separated prematurely in flight, resulting in penetration. No bony fractures were observed with any of the shots. The viscous criterion (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VC<\/jats:styled-content>), blunt criterion (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BC<\/jats:styled-content>), and energy density (<jats:italic>E\/A<\/jats:italic>) were calculated (all nonpenetrating tests, average\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01 standard deviation: <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VC<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.14\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.94\u00a0m\/sec, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BC<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.77\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.15, <jats:italic>E\/A<\/jats:italic>: 22.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.15\u00a0J\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) and, despite the lack of injuries, were generally found to be greater than published tolerance values.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2012.02298.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,15]],"date-time":"2012-10-15T17:27:53Z","timestamp":1350322073000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Assessment of the <scp>TASER XREP<\/scp> Blunt Impact and Penetration Injury Potential Using Cadaveric Testing"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Scott R.","family":"Lucas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ECRI Institute 5200 Butler Pike Plymouth Meeting PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph C.","family":"McGowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exponent, Inc. 3401 Market Street Suite 300 Philadelphia PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tack C.","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exponent, Inc. 5401 McConnell Avenue Los Angeles CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary T.","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exponent, Inc. 23445 North 19th Avenue Phoenix AZ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Carver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TASER International, Inc. 17800 North 85th Street Scottsdale AZ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Hinz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TASER International, Inc. 17800 North 85th Street Scottsdale AZ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 30th STAPP Car Crash Conference; 1986 Oct 27\u201329; San Diego, CA","author":"Lau IV","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"Blunt trauma data correlation","author":"Clare VR","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000074108.36517.D4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","volume-title":"Proceedings from the SAE International Congress & Exposition; 1993 Mar 1\u20135; Detroit, MI","author":"Chou CC","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","volume-title":"Surface vehicle information report: injury calculations guidelines","author":"Society of Automotive Engineers","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","volume-title":"Instrumentation for impact test\u2014part 1\u2014electronic instrumentation","author":"Society of Automotive Engineers","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","volume-title":"TASER XREP electronic control device (ECD) specifications v. 4.0","author":"TASER International, Inc","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(88)90145-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Biomechanical response of the pediatric abdomen, part 2: injuries and their correlation with engineering parameters","volume":"52","author":"Kent R","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stapp Car Crash J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000114066.77967.DE"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","volume-title":"Proceedings from the 5th European Symposium on Non\u2010Lethal Weapons; 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