{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T12:01:13Z","timestamp":1792324873207,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,4]],"date-time":"2012-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1354579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cellular Molecular Medi"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Injury to lens epithelial cells (LEC<\/jats:styled-content>s) leads to epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition (EMT<\/jats:styled-content>) with resultant fibrosis. The tropomyosin (Tpm) family of cytoskeleton proteins is involved in regulating and stabilizing actin microfilaments. Aberrant expression of Tpms leads to abnormal morphological changes with disintegration of epithelial integrity. The EMT<\/jats:styled-content> of LEC<\/jats:styled-content>s has been proposed as a major cause of posterior capsule opacification (PCO<\/jats:styled-content>) after cataract surgery. Using in vivo<\/jats:italic> rodent PCO<\/jats:styled-content> and human cataractous LEC<\/jats:styled-content>s, we demonstrated that the aberrant expression of rat Tpm and human Tpm1\u03b1\/2\u03b2 suggested their association in remodelling of the actin cytoskeleton during EMT<\/jats:styled-content> of LEC<\/jats:styled-content>s. Expression analysis from abnormally growing LEC<\/jats:styled-content>s after lens extraction revealed elevated expression of \u03b1\u2010smooth muscle actin (\u03b1\u2010SMA<\/jats:styled-content>), a marker for EMT<\/jats:styled-content>. Importantly, these cells displayed increased expression of Tpm1\u03b1\/2\u03b2 following EMT<\/jats:styled-content>\/PCO<\/jats:styled-content> formation. Expression of Tpm1\u03b1\/2\u03b2 was up\u2010regulated in LEC<\/jats:styled-content>s isolated from cataractous lenses of Shumiya Cataract Rats (SCR<\/jats:styled-content>s), compared with non\u2010cataractous lenses. Also, LEC<\/jats:styled-content>s from human patients with nuclear cataract and anterior subcapsular fibrosis (ASF<\/jats:styled-content>) displayed significantly increased expression of Tpm2\u03b2 mRNA<\/jats:styled-content>, suggesting that similar signalling invokes the expression of these molecules in LEC<\/jats:styled-content>s of cataractous SCR<\/jats:styled-content> and human lenses. EMT<\/jats:styled-content> was observed in LEC<\/jats:styled-content>s overexpressed with Tpm1\u03b1\/2\u03b2, as evidenced by increased expression of \u03b1\u2010SMA<\/jats:styled-content>. These conditions were correlated with remodelling of actin filaments, possibly leading to EMT<\/jats:styled-content>\/PCO<\/jats:styled-content> and ASF<\/jats:styled-content>. The present findings may help clarify the condition of the actin cytoskeleton during morphogenetic EMT<\/jats:styled-content>, and may contribute to development of Tpm\u2010based inhibitors for postponing PCO<\/jats:styled-content> and cataractogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2012.01654.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,4]],"date-time":"2012-12-04T16:56:05Z","timestamp":1354640165000},"page":"212-221","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Elevated tropomyosin expression is associated with epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition of lens epithelial cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Eri","family":"Kubo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Kanazawa Medical University Ishikawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nailia","family":"Hasanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Kanazawa Medical University Ishikawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigar","family":"Fatma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Kanazawa Medical University Ishikawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhirendra P.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02150953"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(03)00125-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.2001.1153"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"235","article-title":"Lens epithelial cell death and reduction of anti\u2010apoptotic protein Bcl\u20102 in human anterior polar cataracts","volume":"8","author":"Lee EH","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.86.2.220"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.2001.1001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"1840","article-title":"Overexpression of the transforming growth factor\u2010beta\u2010inducible gene betaig\u2010h3 in anterior polar cataracts","volume":"41","author":"Lee EH","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI1360"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"422","article-title":"Gene expression and discovery during lens regeneration in mouse: regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition and lens differentiation","volume":"12","author":"Medvedovic M","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000084508"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"1509","article-title":"Inhibition of transforming growth factor\u2010beta\u2010induced cataractous changes in lens explants by ocular media and alpha 2\u2010macroglobulin","volume":"37","author":"Schulz MW","year":"1996","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3580041","article-title":"Overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase\u20102 mediates phenotypic transformation of lens epithelial cells","volume":"358","author":"Seomun Y","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/360361a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Oxidative stress and glutathione in TGF\u2010beta\u2010mediated fibrogenesis","volume":"48","author":"Liu RM","year":"2009","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401597"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.07.076"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-9071.2000.00310.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001920411"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00540.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2005.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0004(02)00003-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1080405"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00336.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(02)01028-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi700686p"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.129.3.697"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1369\/jhc.4A6505.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","first-page":"166","article-title":"Tropomodulin and tropomyosin mediate lens cell actin cytoskeleton reorganization in vitro","volume":"41","author":"Fischer RS","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E02-04-0244"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1208688"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0177(200003)217:3<257::AID-DVDY4>3.0.CO;2-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200905065"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e04-04-0353"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.23025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-437X(00)00154-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.4.2190"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2001.00469.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI20797"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","first-page":"671","article-title":"Establishment of the hereditary cataract rat strain (SCR) and genetic analysis","volume":"45","author":"Shumiya S","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(84)34225-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(83)34350-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2005.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2005.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-003-0518-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1993.01090060119035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","first-page":"1.31","volume-title":"Molecular Cloning: A laboratory Manual","author":"Sambrook J","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00061.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.108.4.1397"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.8.2.7590"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2006.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","first-page":"1709","article-title":"Cataract induction in lenses cultured with transforming growth factor\u2010beta","volume":"36","author":"Hales AM","year":"1995","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","first-page":"388","article-title":"Induction of cataract\u2010like changes in rat lens epithelial explants by transforming growth factor beta","volume":"35","author":"Liu J","year":"1994","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","first-page":"1122","article-title":"Alpha\u2010smooth muscle actin expression in cultured lens epithelial cells","volume":"41","author":"Nagamoto T","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","first-page":"696","article-title":"Induction of alpha\u2010smooth muscle actin by transforming growth factor\u2010beta 1 in quiescent human breast gland fibroblasts. Implications for myofibroblast generation in breast neoplasia","volume":"68","author":"Ronnov\u2010Jessen L","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M203232200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(05)80063-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","first-page":"2301","article-title":"TGF\u2010beta2\u2010induced matrix modification and cell transdifferentiation in the human lens capsular bag","volume":"43","author":"Wormstone IM","year":"2002","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1582-4934.2012.01654.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2012.01654.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]],"date-time":"2023-11-22T16:13:48Z","timestamp":1700669628000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2012.01654.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,4]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2012.01654.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2012.01654.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1582-1838","1582-4934"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1582-1838","type":"print"},{"value":"1582-4934","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,4]]}}}