{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T05:59:45Z","timestamp":1772776785430,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,26]],"date-time":"2012-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1327536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract\u2002<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Objective.<\/jats:italic> To study the effect of hysterectomy or levonorgestrel\u2010releasing intrauterine system (LNG\u2010IUS) on premenstrual symptoms in women treated for menorrhagia. <jats:italic>Design<\/jats:italic>. Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. <jats:italic>Setting.<\/jats:italic> Five university hospitals in Finland. <jats:italic>Sample.<\/jats:italic> A cohort of 236 women, aged 35\u201349 years (mean 43 years) referred for menorrhagia between 1994 and 1997. Women were not diagnosed with premenstrual syndrome. <jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic> Women were randomized to treatment by hysterectomy (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=117) or LNG\u2010IUS (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=119). Analyses were performed using the intention\u2010to\u2010treat and actual treatment principles. Women using estrogen therapy and women who underwent bilateral salpingo\u2010oophorectomy were excluded from the analyses. <jats:italic>Main outcome measures.<\/jats:italic> The occurrence of premenstrual symptoms evaluated by questionnaires at baseline and at follow\u2010up visits six and 12 months after the treatment and five years after the randomization. <jats:italic>Results.<\/jats:italic> Premenstrual symptoms decreased significantly in both groups by six months (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u22640.028) without significant differences between the groups, except that in the LNG\u2010IUS group the decrease of breast tenderness was seen first by 12 months (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.048). Even though 42% of the women assigned to treatment with LNG\u2010IUS were hysterectomized during the follow\u2010up period, the results of intention\u2010to\u2010treat and actual treatment analyses were comparable. <jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic> Both hysterectomy and LNG\u2010IUS seem to alleviate premenstrual symptoms of women treated for menorrhagia, while the effect of these treatments on premenstrual syndrome remains unsettled.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0412.2011.01340.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,14]],"date-time":"2011-12-14T05:59:53Z","timestamp":1323842393000},"page":"318-325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The effect of hysterectomy or levonorgestrel\u2010releasing intrauterine system on premenstrual symptoms in women treated for menorrhagia: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled 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