{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T21:19:45Z","timestamp":1767907185861,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,16]],"date-time":"2012-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1337126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract\u2002<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Objective.<\/jats:italic> We compared women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) to a control group with regard to intensity of hirsutism and psychological gender. <jats:italic>Design.<\/jats:italic> Cohort study, 2005\u20132009. <jats:italic>Setting<\/jats:italic>. Gynecological endocrinology clinic and gynecological practice, Silesian area, Poland. <jats:italic>Sample.<\/jats:italic> 89 women aged 17\u201342 years with PCOS, in two groups (S1, S2) by age &lt; or \u226531 years, and age\u2010stratified controls of 45 healthy women. <jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic> We used the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ 12), Ferriman\u2013Gallwey score and Psychological Gender Inventory, to assess masculinity and femininity through self\u2010reported possession of socially desirable, stereotypical personality traits (masculine, feminine, androgynous, undifferentiated), supplemented by questions concerning social status (education, profession) and gynecological history. All questionnaires were anonymous and independently answered during clinic visits. <jats:italic>Main outcome measures.<\/jats:italic> Influence of PCOS and concomitant hirsutism on psychological gender. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Hirsutism (moderate or severe intensity) was observed in a considerably higher number of women from both PCOS groups compared with controls (S1: 49.0 vs. 20.0%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05, S2: 41.9 vs. 16.7%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05, respectively). Women \u226531 years with PCOS more often viewed themselves as sexually undifferentiated compared with controls (31.8 vs. 6.7%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01), less likely to identify with a female gender scheme (18.2 vs. 33.3%), and more likely to see themselves as androgynous (50.0 vs. 40.9%). <jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic> Women with PCOS have, depending on age and severity of disease, problems with psychological gender identification. Duration and severity of PCOS can negatively affect the self\u2010image of patients, lead to a disturbed identification with the female\u2010gender scheme and, associated with it, social roles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0412.2012.01408.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,24]],"date-time":"2012-03-24T18:31:40Z","timestamp":1332613900000},"page":"710-714","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Psychological gender of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"ROBERT","family":"KOWALCZYK","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"VIOLETTA","family":"SKRZYPULEC","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ZBIGNIEW","family":"LEW\u2013STAROWICZ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"KRZYSZTOF","family":"NOWOSIELSKI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"BARTOSZ","family":"GRABSKI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"WOJCIECH","family":"MERK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2006.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2007.02742.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105306065021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","first-page":"93","article-title":"Quality of life and marital sexual satisfaction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"45","author":"Drosdzol A","year":"2007","journal-title":"Folia Histochem Cytobiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","first-page":"52","article-title":"Hirsutyzm \u2013 trudny problem diagnostyczny i leczniczy [Hirsutism \u2013 a difficult diagnostic and therapeutic problem.]","volume":"10","author":"Kajdaniuk D","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pol Merk Lek."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-862982","article-title":"Impact of clinical and biochemical parameters on quality of life and sexuality in PCOS","volume":"113","author":"Hahn S","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.02024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030562"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh098"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","first-page":"63","volume-title":"Nieplodnosc i rozrod wspomagany","author":"Banaszewska B","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","first-page":"19","article-title":"The Rotterdam ESHRE\/ASRM\u2013Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group Revised 2003","volume":"81","author":"Consensus on diagnostic criteria and long\u2010term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fertil Steril."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","unstructured":"KuczynskaA. Inwentarz do oceny p\u0142ci psychologicznej. [Inventory to assess psychological gender]. Warszawa: Pracownia Test\u00f3w Psychologicznych Polskiego Towarzystwa Psychologicznego; 1992 [Psychology Tests Workshop of the Polish Psychological Association]."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra041536"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","first-page":"149","article-title":"A new perspective in diagnosing polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Ertorer ME","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-2501"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","volume-title":"Ocena zdrowia psychicznego na podstawie badan kwestionariuszami Davida Goldberga. Podrecznik dla uzytkownikow kwestionariuszy GHQ\u201012 i GHQ\u201028. [Evaluation of mental health on the basis of questionnaires David Goldberg","author":"Goldberg D","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","unstructured":"BemSL.Meskosc kobiecosc. O roznicach wynikajacych z plci. [Masculinity femininity. The differences resulting from gender]. Gdansk: Gdanskie Wydawnictwo Psychologiczne;2000:135."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","first-page":"88","article-title":"Endokrynologia ginekologiczna. Materialy I Konferencji Szkoleniowej pt. \u2018Medycyna Praktyczna\u2013ginekologia i po\u0142oznictwo\u2019. [Gynecological Endocrinology. Materials of the 1st Conference \u2018Practical medicine \u2013 Obstetrics and gynecology\u201d] Krakow 10\u201311 grudnia 2004 r","volume":"6","author":"Skalba P","year":"2004","journal-title":"Medycyna Praktyczna\u2013Ginekologia i Po\u0142oznictwo"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","first-page":"22","article-title":"Seksualnosc kobiet. [Women's sexuality].","volume":"2","author":"Lew\u2010Starowicz Z","year":"2005","journal-title":"Przegl\u0105d Seksuologiczny"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-992924"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105306065021"}],"container-title":["Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0412.2012.01408.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1600-0412.2012.01408.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T00:36:07Z","timestamp":1698712567000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1600-0412.2012.01408.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,16]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1600-0412.2012.01408.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0412.2012.01408.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-6349","1600-0412"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-6349","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0412","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-05-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}