{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T07:23:24Z","timestamp":1787729004378,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,18]],"date-time":"2006-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1155859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract.<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Purpose:\u2002<\/jats:bold> To evaluate the incidence and ocular effects of blunt trauma due to injury from airsoft gun pellets.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> We conducted a non\u2010comparative case series based on the files of 33 patients who suffered ocular injury from airsoft guns and were admitted to one university emergency eye clinic in Copenhagen during a 5\u2010year period.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> A total of 33 eyes in 33 patients were examined. Thirty male and three female patients were affected. Mean age was 13\u2003years (range 3\u201349\u2003years). Mean follow\u2010up time was 6.5\u2003days (range 1\u2013540\u2003days). On initial examination, we found: hyphaema (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u200328), corneal abrasion (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u200322), retinal oedema (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u200311), subconjunctival haemorrhage (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u200310), palpebral haemorrhage and\/or oedema (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20039), iris dialysis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20037), intraocular pressure (IOP) &gt;\u200a31\u2003mmHg (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20034), IOP &lt;\u200a9\u2003mmHg (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20034), vitreous haemorrhage (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20032) and cataract (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20031). One patient had brown corneal discoloration due to severe chronic hyphaema that required surgery. The final visual acuity was 1.0 in 20 patients and \u2264\u200a0.7 in five patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The airsoft gun trauma resulted in anterior and posterior segment ocular injuries that required acute medical intervention and for which some patients were hospitalized. Trauma mainly occurred in children and youths. A longterm risk of glaucoma is expected. Eye care professionals and parents as well as manufacturers of airsoft guns should advise participants to wear adequate protection when involved in this activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2006.00734.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,18]],"date-time":"2006-08-18T08:48:35Z","timestamp":1155890915000},"page":"755-758","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["33 cases of airsoft gun pellet ocular injuries in Copenhagen, Denmark, 1998\u20132002"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Jon Peiter","family":"Saunte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mads Egil","family":"Saunte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-197608000-00037"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"732","article-title":"The BB gun is equivalent to the airsoft gun in the Japanese literature","volume":"118","author":"Endo S","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(00)00877-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.118.1.60"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"1437","article-title":"Ocular injuries caused by airsoft guns","volume":"117","author":"Fleischhauer JC","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198307000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)76303-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0181-5512(04)96122-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","unstructured":"MacCumberM(1997):Management of ocular injuries and emergencies.Hagerstown MD: Lippincott\u2010Raven;229."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"416","article-title":"Blunt ocular trauma secondary to \u2018war games\u2019","volume":"22","author":"Mamalis N","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-200295020-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"723","article-title":"Serious childhood injuries caused by air guns","volume":"144","author":"Shanon A","year":"1991","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1177\/014107680109400806","article-title":"Ocular air gun injury: 19 cases","volume":"94","author":"Shuttleworth GN","year":"2001","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)90112-4"}],"container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0420.2006.00734.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2006.00734.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T12:58:22Z","timestamp":1697029102000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2006.00734.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,18]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2006.00734.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2006.00734.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1395-3907","1600-0420"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1395-3907","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0420","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,18]]}}}