{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T09:00:12Z","timestamp":1777194012562,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,29]],"date-time":"2007-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1170028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract.<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Purpose:\u2002<\/jats:bold> To describe the prevalence, diagnoses and aetiologies of visual impairment in children with developmental delay (DD) in a Danish county with a population of 618\u2003000 citizens.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> We carried out a cross\u2010sectional study in Copenhagen County of children aged 4\u201315\u2003years with profound to borderline DD (IQ\u2003\u2264\u200380). Children were located through school psychologists or paediatric clinics. The number of children with DD was estimated using the capture\u2010recapture method.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> A total of 1126 children fulfilled the inclusion criteria, corresponding to 97.7% of the estimated number of children with DD in the county. Ophthalmological examinations were performed in 923 children. The prevalence of visual impairment was 10.5% in the study group and 22.4% in those with an IQ\u2003\u2264\u200350. The diagnoses were predominantly cerebral visual impairment, optic atrophy, retinal dystrophies and congenital nystagmus. The aetiology of visual impairment was prenatal in 54 children, perinatal in 29 children and postnatal in seven children.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Visual impairment is highly increased in children with DD and is correlated to low IQ.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2006.00867.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,2]],"date-time":"2007-02-02T18:21:26Z","timestamp":1170440486000},"page":"149-156","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["Visual dysfunctions and ocular disorders in children with developmental delay. I. prevalence, diagnoses and aetiology of visual impairment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Lisbeth","family":"Sandfeld Nielsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liselotte","family":"Skov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanne","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09286580591005813"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3016.1998.00106.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2788.2003.00447.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1976.tb00093.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"229","volume-title":"Estimating the Size of a Closed Population. Discrete Multivariate Analysis \u2212 Theory and Practice","author":"Bishop YMM","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.66.1.46"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.1997.tb00124.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.2000.00480.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14766650252962649"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"578","article-title":"Ophthalmologic abnormalities in high school students with mental retardation in Taiwan","volume":"104","author":"Chang YS","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000306011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2003.00562.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"242","article-title":"Eye abnormalities in the mentally defective","volume":"66","author":"Fletcher MC","year":"1961","journal-title":"Am J Ment Defic"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)76347-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/opep.6.1.73.1571"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"227","article-title":"Childhood blindness in the context of VISION 2020 \u2212 the right to sight","volume":"79","author":"Gilbert CE","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"1565","article-title":"Interobserver agreement for grating acuity and letter acuity assessment in 1\u2010 to 5.5\u2010year\u2010olds with severe retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"40","author":"Harvey EM","year":"1999","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"186","article-title":"Ocular changes in Down's syndrome","volume":"124","author":"Haugen OH","year":"2004","journal-title":"Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1996.tb15069.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"42","article-title":"Causes of mental retardation in children of immigrant background. A registry study of the occurrence of consanguinity among parents of mentally retarded children at the Centre for Handicapped, Glostrup Hospital, county of Copenhagen","volume":"165","author":"Hoffmann AL","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ugeskr Laeger"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(84)90183-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036192"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","first-page":"2165","article-title":"Multihandicappede b\u00f8rn. Stigende hyppighed i K\u00f8benhavnsomr\u00e5det","volume":"149","author":"H\u00f8rlyk H","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ugeskr Laeger"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6700364"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"Standard classification of causes of blindness for international use","volume":"35","author":"International Association for Prevention of Blindness","year":"1964","journal-title":"J Soc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1996.tb12142.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","first-page":"7","volume-title":"Synshandicap i Danmark, \u00c5rsrapport","author":"Jensen H","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.85.10.1149"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.86.7.716"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.1996.tb00638.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(94)00113-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.86.5.498"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"Ophthalmologic abnormalities in the mentally retarded","volume":"277","author":"Mwanza JC","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/opep.11.2.67.28158"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.76.2.F82"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14631-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Paediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus","author":"Rahi JS","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1992.tb04118.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","first-page":"27","volume-title":"Visual Impairment in Children and Adolescents","author":"Robinson GC","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.80.1.49"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1992.tb04119.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2004.05.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/stra.7.1.1.656"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","unstructured":"Statistics Denmark(2005): Folketal.http:\/\/www.statistikbanken.dk. [Accessed 1 February 2006]."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1998.tb01440.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.83.10.1112"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1983.tb04354.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02425839"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2788.2001.00348.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","first-page":"56","volume-title":"Visual Handicap in Children. Clinics in Developmental Medicine","author":"Warburg M","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.1996.tb00602.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","first-page":"225","article-title":"Prevalence of visual and ocular anomalies in 168 non\u2010institutionalized mentally retarded children","volume":"68","author":"Woodruff ME","year":"1977","journal-title":"Can J Public Health"}],"container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0420.2006.00867.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2006.00867.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T19:33:02Z","timestamp":1696966382000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2006.00867.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,29]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2006.00867.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2006.00867.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1395-3907","1600-0420"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1395-3907","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0420","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,29]]}}}