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Yet the literature on the phenomenon is heterogeneous and the notion obviously lacks a consistent definition. This review attempts to describe the psychopathological and clinical spectrum of hoarding and may contribute to clarify its classification.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Method:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Systematic review and discussion of the literature on hoarding.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Hoarding is a complex behavioural phenomenon associated with different mental disorders. The psychopathological structure is variously composed of elements of OCDs, impulse\u2010control disorders, and ritualistic behaviour. Severe self\u2010neglect is a possible consequence of hoarding.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Without further specifications the term <jats:italic>hoarding<\/jats:italic> is of limited heuristic value and cannot guide therapeutic interventions satisfactorily. The condition needs to be evaluated carefully in every particular case in relation to the aforementioned psychopathological concepts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2004.00402.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,29]],"date-time":"2004-09-29T15:09:40Z","timestamp":1096470580000},"page":"323-337","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["On phenomenology and classification of hoarding: a review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Maier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(95)00071-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.155.3760.349"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0024151"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-3472(69)80026-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-196605000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2003.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v63n0105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445501252003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","first-page":"42","article-title":"Refuse hoarding syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Juergens A.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychiatr Prax"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","unstructured":"PastenaciR DettmeringP.Refuse hoarding syndrome.Verlag Dietmar Klotz Eschborn bei Frankfurt am Main 2000[in German]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(75)91280-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistic manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(18)30214-4","article-title":"Assessment of severity and change in obsessive\u2010compulsive disorders","volume":"15","author":"Goodman WK","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1989.01810110048007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(01)00136-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(99)00137-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-9964(95)00104-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-9964(92)90027-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1819.2002.00926.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(75)92850-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_2","first-page":"515","article-title":"Letter to the editor commenting [10]","volume":"1","author":"Twomey J.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(75)91665-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5521.1032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_2","first-page":"862","volume-title":"Psychiatry in the elderly","author":"Bergman K.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-199811000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_2","first-page":"1138","article-title":"Hoarding symptoms in patients on a geriatric psychiatry inpatient unit","volume":"87","author":"Stein DJ","year":"1997","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hsw\/26.3.176"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2524.2000.00245.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_2","first-page":"207","article-title":"Adult service refusers in the greater Dublin area","volume":"93","author":"Hurley M","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ir Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1166(199709)12:9<902::AID-GPS660>3.0.CO;2-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1001988"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_2","first-page":"812","article-title":"Diogenes\u2019 syndrome. 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