{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T10:30:28Z","timestamp":1790677828664,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":287,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"s424","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,24]],"date-time":"2004-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1095984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Psychiatr Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    To review the literature on mental health and psychiatric morbidity in prison populations and relate findings to a Danish study on remand prisoners.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Method:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    The literature is reviewed and subdivided in the following section: validity of psychometrics in prison populations, prevalence of psychiatric disorders prior to imprisonment, incidence of psychiatric disorders during imprisonment, psychopathy related to psychiatric comorbidity, dependence syndromes with special emphasis on different administrations of heroin use (smoke vs. injection). The results are compared with a longitudinal Danish study on remand prisoners in either solitary confinement (SC) or non\u2010SC.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Many factors must be taken into consideration when dealing with prisoners and mental health, e.g. international differences, the prison setting, demographics and methodological issues. The prison populations in general are increasing worldwide. Psychometrics may perform differently in prison populations compared with general populations with the General Health Questionnaire\u201028 having a low validity in remand prisoners. Psychiatric morbidity including schizophrenia is higher and perhaps increasing in prison populations compared with general populations with dependence syndromes being the most frequent disorders. The early phase of imprisonment is a vulnerable period with a moderately high incidence of adjustment disorders and twice the incidence in SC compared with non\u2010SC. Prevalence of psychopathy is lower in European than North American prisons. Medium to high scores of psychopathy is related to higher psychiatric comorbidity. Opioid dependence is the most frequent drug disorder with subjects using injection representing a more dysfunctional group than subjects using smoke administration. Many mentally ill prisoners remain undetected and undertreated.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    There is a growing population of mentally ill prisoners being insufficiently detected and treated.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2004.00436_2.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,24]],"date-time":"2004-09-24T11:46:43Z","timestamp":1096026403000},"page":"5-59","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":136,"title":["Mental Health in Prison Populations. A review \u2013 with special emphasis on a study of Danish prisoners on remand"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"H. S.","family":"Andersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_63_2_2","volume-title":"Crime control as industry","author":"Christie N.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.80.6.663"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_4_2","volume-title":"The solitary confinement study. Imprisonment on remand and mental health","author":"Andersen HS","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0160-2527(95)00025-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-2527(97)00019-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379003500508"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-2527(98)00005-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09585189308407975"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1992.01820060056009"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_11_2","first-page":"271","article-title":"Co\u2010occuring mental disorders among criminal offenders","volume":"18","author":"Cot\u00e9 G","year":"1990","journal-title":"Bull Am Acad Psychiatry Law"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.313.7071.1521"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.313.7071.1524"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1614.2001.00885.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00048679109064439"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830060057008"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830060047007"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.148.2.236","article-title":"Hidden severe psychiatric morbidity in sentenced prisoners: an Australian study","volume":"148","author":"Herrman H","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.164.1.44"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-2527(00)00054-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.152.3.340"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.82.6.881"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.179.6.535"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-2527(00)00080-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X9103500306"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.167.4.545"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-2527(01)00071-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.53.1.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.99.4.430"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2000.102001019.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-2527(00)00050-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_32_2","first-page":"2151","article-title":"Screening for psychiatric morbidity among prison inmates","volume":"120","author":"Gamman T","year":"2000","journal-title":"Tidsskr Nor L\u00e6geforen"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bjc.a046482","article-title":"Long\u2010term prisoners","volume":"13","author":"Gunn J","year":"1973","journal-title":"Br J Criminol"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0160-2527(81)90010-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bjc.a047583"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.156.1.40"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1943-278X.1990.tb00095.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_38_2","first-page":"285","article-title":"Does \u2018isolation\u2019 cause jail suicides","volume":"25","author":"Felthous AR.","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Acad Psychiatry Law"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s127-002-8217-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00048678509158813"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1177\/002580249803800309","article-title":"Unmet needs of remand prisoners","volume":"38","author":"Hardie T","year":"1998","journal-title":"Med Sci Law"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009318538201000306"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.130.4.317"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.145.1.78"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.303.6798.338"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.58.2.233"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1984.01790210016003"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2000.101001046.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.179.4.308"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291798006874"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-2527(01)00085-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_53_2","first-page":"494","article-title":"Solitary confinement \u2013 an ethical medical dilemma","volume":"144","author":"DADL","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ugeskr L\u00e6ger"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_54_2","first-page":"2233","article-title":"Solitary confinement and harmful effects on the mental health","volume":"115","author":"Dalg\u00e5rd OS.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Tidskr Nor L\u00e6geforen"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_55_2","volume-title":"Report on solitary confinement in remand prisoners","author":"Justitsministeriet","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08039480120743"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_57_2","volume-title":"Proclamation on the criminal law, nr. 748","author":"Justitsministeriet","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_58_2","volume-title":"Testimony on mental and social consequences of solitary confinement","author":"The Solitary Confinement Group","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_59_2","first-page":"3346","article-title":"Mental consequences of solitary confinement","volume":"143","author":"J\u00f8rgensen F.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ugeskr L\u00e6ger"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1999.tb05382.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1990.01810180089012"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_62_2","volume-title":"SCAN. Schedules for clinical assessment in neuropsychiatry","author":"Wing JK","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1959.tb00467.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_64_2","first-page":"76","article-title":"Diagnosis and rating of anxiety","volume":"3","author":"Hamilton M.","year":"1969","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1976.01770060086012"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700009934"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8869(80)90028-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_68_2","volume-title":"The Hare psychopathy checklist","author":"Hare RD.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_69_2","volume-title":"The measurement and appraisal of adult intelligence","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_70_2","volume-title":"Manual of the general health questionnaire","author":"Goldberg D.","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700021644"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1993.tb05358.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_73_2","volume-title":"The ICD\u201010 classification for mental and behavioural disorders. Diagnostic criteria for research","author":"WHO","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.149.9.1225"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.175.2.154"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_76_2","first-page":"4749","article-title":"Heroin abuse among Danish prisoners on remand. Prevalence related to form of administration","volume":"158","author":"Andersen HS","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ugeskr Laeger"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-2527(97)00025-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_78_2","first-page":"18","article-title":"A standardised psychiatric interview for use in community surveys","volume":"24","author":"Goldberg DP","year":"1970","journal-title":"Br J Prev Soc Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_79_2","volume-title":"Measurement and classification of psychiatric symptoms","author":"Wing JK","year":"1974"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09605.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170002818X"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291796004436"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700050972"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01622.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01620.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700014264"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700005730"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1989.tb05260.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291796004242"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.134.6.609"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291797005102"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_92_2","first-page":"13","article-title":"The SCL\u201090: an outpatient psychiatric scale","volume":"9","author":"Derogatis LR","year":"1973","journal-title":"Psychopharm Bull"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.147.4.400"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.155.1.36"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_95_2","volume-title":"Psychiatric aspects of imprisonment","author":"Gunn J","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.163.6.802"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10401239309148971"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_98_2","first-page":"19","article-title":"Prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among convicted inmates in a Nigerian prison community","volume":"75","author":"Agbahowe SA","year":"1998","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_99_2","volume-title":"Statistics on imprisonment on remand","author":"Direktoratet for Kriminalforsorgen","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_100_2","volume-title":"Manuals of the Eysenck personality questionnaire. Junior and adult","author":"Eysenck HJ","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_101_2","volume-title":"Criminality and psychiatric disorders","author":"Guze SB.","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.288.6413.308"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_103_2","first-page":"481","article-title":"The mentally ill in the prisons: a review","volume":"40","author":"Jemelka R","year":"1989","journal-title":"Hosp Community Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.176.4.332"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07740-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_106_2","first-page":"1132","article-title":"Substance abuse and psychiatric disorders in prison inmates","volume":"41","author":"Chiles JA","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hosp Community Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738(95)01713-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09585180122050"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1984.01790210041006"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1991.01810270028003"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_111_2","volume-title":"Diagnostical and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"APA","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_112_2","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"APA","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_113_2","volume-title":"The ICD\u20108 classification for mental and behavioural disorders","author":"WHO","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0160-2527(92)90029-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.301.6761.1133"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700025058"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700025472"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.170.1.31"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_119_2","first-page":"585","article-title":"Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the general population: results of the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS)","volume":"33","author":"Bijl RV","year":"1998","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Pychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_120_2","first-page":"281","volume-title":"Klinisk psykiatri","author":"Parnas J.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329179700531X"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001270050177"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1982.04290020021004"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-440X(95)90113-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1997.01830130077015"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1999.9468256.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.12.4.480","article-title":"Psychiatric co\u2010morbidity of methampetamine dependence in a forensic sample","volume":"12","author":"Kalechstein AD","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatr Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1939.tb00704.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.94.1.54"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_130_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.39.7.794"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_131_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-2527(01)00077-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_132_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.140.7.887"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_133_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-2527(98)00031-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_134_2","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Psychopathy. Antisocial, criminal, and violent behavior","author":"Millon T","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_135_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.100.3.391"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_136_2","volume-title":"The mask of sanity","author":"Cleckley H.","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_137_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.13.2.171"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_138_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10683169508409770"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_139_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.108.1.58"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_140_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09585189908403682"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_141_2","volume-title":"Diagnostical and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"APA","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_142_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1994.tb05792.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_143_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.148.12.1697"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_144_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.6.590"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_145_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1985.tb00657.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_146_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1996.tb09852.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_147_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.103.4.604","article-title":"Assessment of psychopathy as a function of age","volume":"103","author":"Harpur TJ","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_148_2","first-page":"260","volume-title":"Psychopathy. Antisocial, criminal, and violent behaviour","author":"Cooke DJ.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_149_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.5.4.442"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_150_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-2527(99)00013-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_151_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.149.4.482"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_152_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(94)90164-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_153_2","first-page":"73","volume-title":"Experimental personality and psychopathology research. Special focus on psychopathy and antisocial personality","author":"Sutker P.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_154_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-3965-6_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_155_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09585189708412275"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_156_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.110.3.462"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_157_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X00039595"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_158_2","first-page":"21","article-title":"Rethinking the DSM III\u2010R diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder","volume":"19","author":"Rogers R","year":"1991","journal-title":"Bull Am Acad Psychiatry Law"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_159_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.99.3.250"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_160_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.108.2.353"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_161_2","first-page":"4754","article-title":"Heroin abuse among Danish prisoners remanded in custody. Psychosocial consequences related to form of administration","volume":"158","author":"Andersen HS","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ugeskr Laeger"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_162_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00048679709065080"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_163_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1998.9312185110.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_164_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.84.2.290"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_165_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/080394899426873"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_166_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001270050277"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_167_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03411.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_168_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1994.tb05791.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_169_2","first-page":"361","volume-title":"Textbook in psychiatric epidemiology","author":"Anthony JC","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_170_2","volume-title":"Young drug abusers","author":"Haastrup S.","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_171_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1990.tb01692.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_172_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01876.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_173_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1997.tb02927.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_174_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1997.tb02895.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_175_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1994.tb00896.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_176_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(86)90033-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_177_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1989.tb03928.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_178_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009852"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_179_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.55.5.356"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_180_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.5.503"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_181_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1987.tb01453.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_182_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.164.1.101"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_183_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/JA-100000228"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_184_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1991.tb03421.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_185_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1999.94811919.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_186_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540190052029","article-title":"Crack cocaine and cocaine hydrochloride. Are the differences myth or reality","volume":"276","author":"Hatsukami DK","year":"1996","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_187_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1991.tb03423.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_188_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.177.3.248"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_189_2","first-page":"23","volume-title":"Textbook in psychiatric epidemiology","author":"Zahner GEP","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_190_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.88.2.469"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_191_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.3138\/cjcrim.26.4.403","article-title":"Coping with imprisonment","volume":"26","author":"Porporino FJ","year":"1984","journal-title":"Can J Criminol"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_192_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01068161"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_193_2","volume-title":"Stress, appraisal, and coping","author":"Lazarus RS","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_194_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-8757-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_195_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22215\/etd\/1999-04119"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_196_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bjc.a046691","article-title":"Psychological correlates of long\u2010term imprisonment. IV. A longitudinal analysis","volume":"16","author":"Bolton N","year":"1976","journal-title":"Br J Criminol"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_197_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(197710)33:4<1006::AID-JCLP2270330416>3.0.CO;2-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_198_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-2527(03)00015-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_199_2","first-page":"2243","article-title":"Harmful effects of solitary confinement","volume":"115","author":"Gamman T.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Tidskr Nor L\u00e6geforen"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_200_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bjc.a046480"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_201_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854882009003004"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_202_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Einzelhaft: eine Literatur\u00fcbersicht","volume":"42","author":"Volkart R.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Schweiz Z Psychol"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_203_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(67)90010-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_204_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01064362"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_205_2","first-page":"256","article-title":"Characteristics of suicides by inmates in an urban jail","volume":"44","author":"Marcus P","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hosp Community Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_206_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1177\/002580248902900416","article-title":"Fatal hangings among prisoners in jail","volume":"29","author":"Copeland AE.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Med Sci Law"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_207_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1993.tb138043.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_208_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09585189508410781"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_209_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(97)00119-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_210_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(00)00441-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_211_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS15065J"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_212_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1971.01750120048008"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_213_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3928\/0279-3695-19830501-06","article-title":"Suicides in jails and prisons","volume":"21","author":"Tuskan JJ","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_214_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1177\/070674378903400708","article-title":"Predicting suicide behaviours in incarcerated settings","volume":"34","author":"Arboleda\u2010Florez J","year":"1989","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_215_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-198912000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_216_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1993.tb138044.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_217_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bjc.a046481","article-title":"Psychological correlates of long\u2010term imprisonment. I. Personality variables","volume":"13","author":"Heskin KJ","year":"1973","journal-title":"Br J Criminol"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_218_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9125.1984.tb00317.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_219_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bjc.a046886"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_220_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379203700205"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_221_2","volume-title":"Report on solitary confinement in other countries","author":"Justitsministeriet","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_222_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.119.8.771"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_223_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1968.26.2.547"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_224_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1968.27.1.57"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_225_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0032339"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_226_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0081866"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_227_2","first-page":"25","article-title":"Eine kontrollierte Untersuchung \u00fcber psychopathologische Effekte der Einzelhaft","volume":"42","author":"Volkart R","year":"1983","journal-title":"Schweiz Z Psychol"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_228_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.140.11.1450"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_229_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1970.31.1.291"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_230_2","first-page":"365","article-title":"Einzelhaft als Risikofaktor f\u00fcr psychiatrische Hospitalisierung","volume":"16","author":"Volkart R","year":"1983","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_231_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3138\/9781487599898","volume-title":"Prisoners of isolation: solitary confinement in Canada","author":"Jackson M.","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_232_2","first-page":"1755","article-title":"Solitary confinement syndromes","volume":"152","author":"J\u00f8rgensen F.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ugeskr L\u00e6ger"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_233_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0028053"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_234_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107834589400100104"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_235_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.146"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_236_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1177\/002580249403400415","article-title":"Monosymptomatic hypochondriacal psychosis and prolonged solitary confinement","volume":"34","author":"Humphreys M","year":"1994","journal-title":"Med Sci Law"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_237_2","first-page":"301","article-title":"Solitary confinement: legal and psychological considerations","volume":"15","author":"Luise MA.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Crim Civil Confinement"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_238_2","first-page":"1755","article-title":"The face of the wolf","volume":"152","author":"L\u00e6rum H.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ugeskr L\u00e6ger"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_239_2","first-page":"467","article-title":"Solitary confinement is not cruel and unusual punishment: people sometimes are","volume":"26","author":"Gendreau PE","year":"1984","journal-title":"Can J Crim"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_240_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0160-2527(86)90083-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_241_2","volume-title":"Sensory deprivation: fifteen years of research","author":"Zubek JP.","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_242_2","first-page":"2665","article-title":"Sensory deprivation","volume":"154","author":"Andersen HS.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ugeskr L\u00e6ger"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_243_2","first-page":"337","article-title":"Psychiatric implications of sensory deprivation in maximum security prison","volume":"14","author":"Scott GD","year":"1969","journal-title":"Can Psychiatr Ass J"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_244_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0083596"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_245_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674864818","volume-title":"Sensory deprivation: a symposium held at Harvard Medical School","author":"Solomon P","year":"1961"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_246_2","volume-title":"The follow up study \u2013 a follow up of Danish remand prisoners","author":"Andersen HS","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_247_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08039480152036083"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_248_2","first-page":"50","volume-title":"Uncommon psychiatric syndromes","author":"Enoch MD","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_249_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02036039"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_250_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(92)90011-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_251_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.139.5.584"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_252_2","volume-title":"Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry","author":"Newcorn JH","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_253_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.179.6.479"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_254_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-8343(90)90074-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_255_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.3.459"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_256_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-8343(98)00020-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_257_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.4.523"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_258_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199901000-00020"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_259_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-440X(95)90254-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_260_2","first-page":"145","volume-title":"Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research","author":"Monahan J","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_261_2","volume-title":"Forensic psychiatry","author":"Kramp P","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_262_2","first-page":"101","article-title":"The criminalization of mentally disordered behaviour: possible side\u2010effect of a new mental health law","volume":"23","author":"Abramson MF.","year":"1972","journal-title":"Hosp Community Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_263_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.49.4.483"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_264_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0160-2527(95)00019-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_265_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.80.6.655"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_266_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X9103500202"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_267_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1143164"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_268_2","volume-title":"European prison rules","author":"Council of Europe","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_269_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.296.6639.1779"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_270_2","first-page":"134","article-title":"Editorial. Mentally disturbed offenders in the prison system in England and Wales","volume":"331","author":"Lancet","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_271_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1992.tb01897.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_272_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1992.tb01898.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_273_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7099.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_274_2","volume-title":"Schizophrenic remand prisoners","author":"Sestoft D.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_275_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3138\/cjcrim.33.2.175","article-title":"The mental health of penitentiary inmates in isolation","volume":"33","author":"Hodgins S","year":"1991","journal-title":"Can J Criminol"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_276_2","first-page":"237","article-title":"Need for pschiatric care in prisoners: results of the health survey of Finnish prisoners (Wattu Project)","volume":"15","author":"Joukamaa M.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ther Communities"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_277_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.296.6639.1783"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_278_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830060021003"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_279_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.86.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_280_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0160-2527(92)90002-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_281_2","volume-title":"Mental disturbance and criminal behaviour","author":"Ortmann J.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_282_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830060039005"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_283_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/22.1.69"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_284_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.5.494"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_285_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02897.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_286_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1988.tb05125.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_287_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009385488000700206"},{"key":"e_1_2_63_288_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.80.12.1479"}],"container-title":["Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0447.2004.00436_2.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2004.00436_2.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T13:33:59Z","timestamp":1734528839000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2004.00436_2.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,24]]},"references-count":287,"journal-issue":{"issue":"s424","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2004.00436_2.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2004.00436_2.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-690X","1600-0447"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-690X","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0447","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,24]]}}}