{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T19:45:48Z","timestamp":1760384748902},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"s434","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,7]],"date-time":"2007-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1186444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Psychiatr Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Using single\u2010voxel proton spectroscopy we aimed to investigate changes in metabolite levels in key brain regions during hypomania and euthymia in patients with bipolar disorder (BD).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Method:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Nine patients with a diagnosis of BD and nine age, sex, education, and handedness\u2010matched comparison subjects underwent magnetic resonance proton spectroscopy (H<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\u2010MRS) using a 1.5\u2003T magnet. Patients were assessed whilst hypomanic and euthymic. Metabolite (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010acetyl asparate, NAA; myo\u2010inositol, mI; choline, Cho) levels in the basal ganglia (BG), anterior cingulate cortex (AC), and frontal cortex (FC) were compared both between groups and within the patient group.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Multivariate analysis revealed significant complex relationships between metabolite levels and brain regions with significant differences observed both between bipolar patients (hypomanic and euthymic) and controls, and across the two mood states. Hypomanic patients had lower mean metabolite levels when averaged across the AC and FC regions, compared with the controls. They also had a smaller difference in mean metabolite levels between the BG and FC than the control group. Euthymic patients were also found to have a smaller difference in the level of NAA between the BG and AC than the control group.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold> This exploratory study of BD demonstrates significant differences in metabolite levels that vary both with respect to brain region and mood state. Not withstanding the confounding effects of medication and the limitation of small sample size the findings are important as they demonstrate that a longitudinal approach is a useful design especially in the context of a long\u2010term phasic illness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2007.01060.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,7]],"date-time":"2007-08-07T09:09:06Z","timestamp":1186477746000},"page":"57-66","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Measuring mania metabolites: a longitudinal proton spectroscopy study of hypomania"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"G. S.","family":"Malhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Ivanovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Lagopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Moss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Sachdev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th edn)","author":"American psychiatric association","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.6.530"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1601-5215.2003.00053.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07095.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-5618.2002.02235.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4927(98)00050-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","volume-title":"Structured clinical interview for DSM\u2010IV axis I disorders, patient edition (SCID\u2010P), Version 2","author":"First MB","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56\u201362","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56","article-title":"A rating scale for depression","volume":"23","author":"Hamilton M","year":"1960","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.134.4.382"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511759024.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.133.5.429"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","volume-title":"State\u2010trait anxiety inventory","author":"Spielberger CD","year":"1970"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","volume-title":"Manual of the eysenck personality inventory","author":"Eysenck HJ","year":"1964"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14640746708400109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","volume-title":"NORM: Multiple imputation of incomplete multivariate data under a normal model","author":"Schafer JL","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","volume-title":"MRUI MANUAL Version 96.3. A User\u2019s Guide to the Magnetic Resonance User Interface Software Package","author":"Van Den Boogaart A","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0730-725X(00)00131-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00183-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_2","first-page":"87S","article-title":"A 1H MRS study of the anterior cingulate gyrus inn euthymic bipolar patients taking lithium","volume":"51","author":"Amaral JAMS","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291799008442"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-9964(92)90059-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.420"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-200303000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01744-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_2","volume-title":"1H MRS study of frontal cortex in bipolar adolescents: a preliminary study","author":"Sassi RB","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4927(00)00083-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_2","first-page":"248","article-title":"Choline\u2010containing compounds detected by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the basal ganglia in bipolar disorder","volume":"21","author":"Kato T","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004060050017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-003-1440-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(00)00207-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.8.1442"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(94)90910-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(92)90184-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_2","first-page":"119S","article-title":"NAA and choline mesasures in the anterior cingulated of bipolar disorder patients","volume":"45","author":"Soares J","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_2","first-page":"91S","article-title":"Proton MRS of bipolar offspring with bipolar disorder","volume":"49","author":"Chang KD","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_2","first-page":"832","article-title":"Proton MR spectroscopy in children with bipolar affective disorder: preliminary observations","volume":"21","author":"Castillo M","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/104454603322724931"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2003.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-5215.2006.00132.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_2","first-page":"5","article-title":"MRS: neurochemistry and treatment effects in affective disorders","volume":"36","author":"Moore GJ","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol Bull"}],"container-title":["Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0447.2007.01060.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2007.01060.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T20:32:04Z","timestamp":1695760324000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2007.01060.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,7]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"s434","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2007.01060.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2007.01060.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-690X","1600-0447"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-690X","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0447","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,7]]}}}