{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T10:01:15Z","timestamp":1788602475141,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,11]],"date-time":"2011-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1302480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Psychiatr Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hegarty BD, Parker GB. Marine omega\u20103 fatty acids and mood disorders \u2013 linking the sea and the soul.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:\u2002<\/jats:bold> While there has long been interest in any nutritional contribution to the onset and treatment of mood disorders, there has been increasing scientific evaluation of several candidate nutritional and dietary factors in recent years. In this inaugural study of our \u2018Food for Thought\u2019 series, we will overview the evidence for any role of omega\u20103 fatty acids (FA) in regulating mood.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Method:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Relevant literature was identified through online database searches and cross\u2010referencing.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Plausible mechanisms exist by which omega\u20103 FA may influence neuronal function and mood. Cross\u2010sectional studies demonstrate an association between omega\u20103 fatty acid deficiency and both depressive and bipolar disorders. Studies investigating the efficacy of omega\u20103 fatty acid supplementation for mood disorders have however provided inconsistent results. The proportion of treatment studies showing a significant advantage of omega\u20103 supplementation has dropped over the last 5\u2003years. However, the vast heterogeneity of the trials in terms of constituent omega\u20103 FAs, dose and length of treatment makes comparisons of these studies difficult.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u00a0<\/jats:bold> More research is required before omega\u20103 supplementation can be firmly recommended as an effective treatment for mood disorders. Whereas increased omega\u20103 FA intake may alleviate depressive symptoms, there is little evidence of any benefit for mania.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2011.01703.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,12]],"date-time":"2011-04-12T04:27:36Z","timestamp":1302582456000},"page":"42-51","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Marine omega\u20103 fatty acids and mood disorders \u2013 linking the sea and the soul"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"B. D.","family":"Hegarty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. B.","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)79168-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(01)00374-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.12.2222"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1464793104006578"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","first-page":"391","article-title":"Omega 3 fatty acids and the brain: review of studies in depression","volume":"16","author":"Sinclair AJ","year":"2007","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-001-0805-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2010.00287.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402342101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.9.4318"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.290.5499.2140"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001888"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2000.0752563.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/JMN:16:2-3:299"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02401.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2006.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_2","first-page":"237","article-title":"BDNF function and intracellular signaling in neurons","volume":"25","author":"Numakawa T","year":"2010","journal-title":"Histol Histopathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.20758"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.8.7.1101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_2","first-page":"4","article-title":"Cascading effects of stressors and inflammatory immune system activation: implications for major depressive disorder","volume":"34","author":"Anisman H","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-008-9118-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.11.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e328315a561"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.6.1505S"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2009.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2294"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27680"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00077.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2004.10719345"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.07.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2009.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.6.1483S"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.6.1467S"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.108.101329"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-003-1074-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.07.080"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601353"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/S0022-3476(03)00396-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2009.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.4.855"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200900157"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010530"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.3.567"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291706008701"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2009.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(97)00166-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(97)00206-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.6.969"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422408998620"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.09m05895blu"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-010-0118-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2009.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2003.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-3278(03)00090-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2007.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v68n0712"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.08.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2007.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2009.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_2","first-page":"363","article-title":"Fatty acid composition in postmortem brains of people who completed suicide","volume":"32","author":"Lalovic A","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.3.477"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.10.913"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-977X(03)00032-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.6.1098"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2010.10719817"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v69n0418"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.10m05966blu"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.08m04603"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.5.996"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2004.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2007.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2009.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26749"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114507801097"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.12.228"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00048670701827267"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_84_2","first-page":"39","article-title":"Efficacy of omega\u20103 Fatty acids in mood disorders \u2013 a systematic review and metaanalysis","volume":"42","author":"Kraguljac NV","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol Bull"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.28313"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2009.10719785"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-6-21"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1507"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.5.407"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v66n1219b"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.188.1.46"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.03.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.192"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10673220127910"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-010-0116-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1487"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_97_2","unstructured":"Australia TNHFo.Position Statement. Fish fish oils n\u20103 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cardiovascular health. Position Statement2008. P.1\u20138."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000038493.65177.94"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2008.04.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2005.01443.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2010.06.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-006-5014-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980007217938"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-9-26"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.explore.2009.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpb.2006.10.099"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2004.02.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lite.201000034"}],"container-title":["Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0447.2011.01703.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2011.01703.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]],"date-time":"2023-10-16T07:30:50Z","timestamp":1697441450000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2011.01703.x"}},"subtitle":["\u2018Food for Thought\u2019 I"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,11]]},"references-count":107,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2011.01703.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2011.01703.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-690X","1600-0447"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-690X","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0447","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,11]]}}}