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Trauma, exile and mental health in young refugees.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:\u2002<\/jats:bold>To review evidence of trauma and exile\u2010related mental health in young refugees from the Middle East.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Method:\u2002<\/jats:bold>A review of four empirical studies: i) a qualitative study of 11 children from torture surviving families, ii) a cohort study of 311 3\u201315\u2010year\u2010old asylum\u2010seeking children, iii) a qualitative study of 14 members of torture surviving families and iv) a follow\u2010up study of 131 11\u201323\u2010year\u2010old refugees.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold>The reactions of the children were not necessarily post\u2010traumatic stress disorder specific. Seventy\u2010seven per cent suffered from anxiety, sleep disturbance and\/or depressed mood at arrival. Sleep disturbance (prevalence 34%) was primarily predicted by a family history of violence. At follow\u2010up, 25.9% suffered from clinically relevant psychological symptoms. Traumatic experiences before arrival and stressful events in exile predicted internalizing behaviour, witnessing violence and frequent school changes in exile predicted externalizing behaviour. School participation, Danish friends, language proficiency and mother\u2019s education predicted less long\u2010term psychological problems.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold>Psychological problems are frequent in refugee children, but the extents are reduced over time in exile. 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