{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T10:25:09Z","timestamp":1791109509789,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,4]],"date-time":"2006-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1146700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":33,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["APMIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Intestinal nematode infection induces marked goblet cell hyperplasia and mucus secretion, but the mechanisms of regulation of the changes still remain to be elucidated. In the present study, epithelial cells were isolated from the rat small intestine at various times after <jats:italic>Nippostrongylus brasiliensis<\/jats:italic> infection, and the levels of expression of goblet cell\u2010 and mucin glycosylation\u2010related genes were estimated by semi\u2010quantitative reverse transcription (RT)\u2010PCR. Among the genes investigated, mucin core peptide (MUC) 2, sialyltransferase (Siat) 4c and trefoil factor family (TFF) 3 were upregulated as early as 2\u20134 days post\u2010infection, suggesting that they are associated with an early innate protective response. Seven days post\u2010infection and thereafter, when the nematodes reached maturity, significant upregulation of MUC3, MUC4, resistin\u2010like molecule \u03b2 (Relm\u03b2) and 3O\u2010sulfotransferase (3ST)1 was observed, while 3ST2 expression levels increased after the majority of the worms were expelled from the intestine. Similar alterations of glycosylation\u2010related gene expression were also observed in mast\u2010cell\u2010deficient <jats:italic>Ws\/Ws<\/jats:italic> rats, suggesting that mast cells in the epithelium are not relevant to the upregulation of these genes. The present finding that the expression level of each goblet cell\u2010 or glycosylation\u2010related gene was altered differently during the time course of infection indicates the progression of sequential qualitative changes in the mucus layer after infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2006.apm_353.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,4]],"date-time":"2006-05-04T09:57:59Z","timestamp":1146736679000},"page":"270-278","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Altered expression of goblet cell\u2010 and mucin glycosylation\u2010related genes in the intestinal epithelium during infection with the nematode <i>Nippostrongylus brasiliensis<\/i> in rat"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"JUNKO","family":"YAMAUCHI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YUICHI","family":"KAWAI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MINORU","family":"YAMADA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"RYUICHI","family":"UCHIKAWA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"TATSUYA","family":"TEGOSHI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"NAOKI","family":"ARIZONO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevention and control of schistosomiasis and soil\u2010transmitted helminthiasis","volume":"912","author":"WHO Expert Committee","year":"2002","journal-title":"World Health Organization Technical Report Series"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.2003.00630.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000085838"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1994.tb00358.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(71)90021-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","first-page":"303","article-title":"Immune\u2010mediated alteration of the terminal sugars of goblet cell mucins in the small intestine of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis\u2010infected rats","volume":"78","author":"Ishikawa N","year":"1993","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","first-page":"480","article-title":"Goblet cell mucins as the selective barrier for the intestinal helminths: T\u2010cell\u2010independent alteration of goblet cell mucins by immunologically \u2018damaged\u2019Nippostrongylus brasiliensis worms and its significance on the challenge infection with homologous and heterologous parasites","volume":"81","author":"Ishikawa N","year":"1994","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3500805"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112287200"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022589015687"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.10.6076-6086.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.3.1894"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/41.10.8245407"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4781(99)00186-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)42007-8","article-title":"Molecular cloning of the transmembrane component of the 13762 mammary adenocarcinoma sialomucin complex. 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