{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:54:07Z","timestamp":1767833647950,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,7]],"date-time":"2006-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1141689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":34,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["APMIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), antifungal susceptibility and proteinase production of isolated <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> species were investigated. Vaginal swabs were collected from symptomatic women with vulvovaginitis attending the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic of Kocaeli University, Turkey. The relation between risk factors, such as pregnancy, diabetes mellitus, antibiotic and corticosteroid use, history of sexually transmitted diseases and contraceptive methods, was recorded. <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> spp. were identified by conventional methods, then evaluated for proteinase secretion in a medium containing casein. Antifungal susceptibility was determined according to the NCCLS microdilution method. The prevalence of women with vulvovaginitis was 35.7% (170\/6080) and 16% (28\/170) of them were diagnosed as VVC. <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic> was the dominant species: 21 (75%), followed by 4 <jats:italic>C. glabrata<\/jats:italic> (14%), 2 <jats:italic>C. tropicalis<\/jats:italic> (7%), and one <jats:italic>C. krusei<\/jats:italic> (3.5%). All isolates were susceptible to fluconazole, itraconazole and amphotericin B, except one <jats:italic>C. krusei,<\/jats:italic> one <jats:italic>C. glabrata<\/jats:italic> and one <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> that were resistant to fluconazole. Proteinase production was determined in 19 (90.5%) <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> and in all <jats:italic>C. tropicalis<\/jats:italic> isolates. Proteinase activity was not associated with antifungal resistance. No association was found between risk factors and VVC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2006.apm_360.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,7]],"date-time":"2006-03-07T09:06:42Z","timestamp":1141722402000},"page":"139-145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Prevalence, susceptibility profile and proteinase production of yeasts causing vulvovaginitis in Turkish women"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"SEMA KECELI","family":"OZCAN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"FATMA","family":"BUDAK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"GULSEREN","family":"YUCESOY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"SERDAR","family":"SUSEVER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"AYSE","family":"WILLKE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1988.tb40450.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199712253372607"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(98)80001-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91314-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(95)00047-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clind\/24.4.649"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/515554"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/173.1.219"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2744(81)90274-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/156.5.777"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-147-8-1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","volume-title":"Manual of Clinical Microbiology","author":"Warren NG","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.58.2.508-514.1990","article-title":"Comparative production and rapid purification of Candida acid proteinase from protein\u2010supplemented cultures","volume":"58","author":"Ray TL","year":"1990","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.5.1376-1380.1999","article-title":"High aspartyl proteinase production and vaginitis in human immunodeficiency virus\u2010infected women","volume":"37","author":"De Bernardis F","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00362178285380341"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","unstructured":"National Committe for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS).Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts. 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