{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T02:03:55Z","timestamp":1787796235948,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,5]],"date-time":"2008-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1228435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":95,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["APMIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Nontuberculous mycobacteria are opportunistic pathogens which predominantly infect the immunocompromised host. The clinical and pathologic diagnosis of mycobacterial infection is generally not difficult. However, it may mimic malignancy on account of the clinical manifestations or the morphology of atypical lymphocytes with epithelioid histiocytes. The latter can be found in some types of lymphomas, especially T\u2010cell lymphoma. This report describes two immunocompetent patients with systemic <jats:italic>Mycobacterium kansasii<\/jats:italic> infection presenting with fever, systemic lymphadenopathy, and osteolytic bone lesions. The microscopic features of these two cases were similar and were characterized by effacement of the nodal architecture by lymphocytic infiltrates and small aggregates of epithelioid histiocytes throughout. These lymphocytes showed mild atypia and expressed predominantly CD3. Bone marrow was also involved in the same process in one case and T\u2010cell lymphoma with lymphoepithelioid features was the initial impression. However, further studies reported germline arrangements of T\u2010cell receptor genes, presence of acid\u2010fast bacilli, and recovery of <jats:italic>M. kansasii<\/jats:italic> in culture. At follow\u2010up, the lymphadenopathy was seen to have disappeared during antimycobacterial treatment. This report describes two infectious cases with small aggregates of epithelioid histiocytes and atypical lymphocytes mimicking peripheral T\u2010cell lymphoma; and such cases may become more common as the number of immunosuppressed hosts is increasing worldwide. We have reviewed the literature and summarized useful morphologic criteria for differentiation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2008.00935.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,4]],"date-time":"2008-12-04T17:28:48Z","timestamp":1228411728000},"page":"850-858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Systemic <i>Mycobacterium kansasii<\/i> infection mimicking peripheral T\u2010cell lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"YA\u2010PING","family":"CHEN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YU\u2010SHAN","family":"YEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"TSAI\u2010YUN","family":"CHEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CHIA\u2010LIANG","family":"YEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CHI\u2010CHANG","family":"SHIEH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"KUNG\u2010CHAO","family":"CHANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","volume-title":"Zur Histologischen Diagnoze der Lymphogranulomatose","author":"Lennert K","year":"1952"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/66.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"227","volume-title":"World Health Organization Classification of Tumours. 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