{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T22:14:02Z","timestamp":1788560042261,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,13]],"date-time":"2008-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1218585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":73,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["APMIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Characterization of the reservoir of beta\u2010hemolytic streptococci in a community may shed light on the pathogenesis of severe infections caused by these bacteria. We used <jats:italic>emm<\/jats:italic> sequence typing to characterize group A streptococci (GAS), group C streptococci (GCS) and group G streptococci (GGS) in community isolates associated with noninvasive disease in western Norway. A total of 165 isolates during a 13\u2010month period were examined. Skin and throat isolates accounted for 123 and 16, respectively, and the remaining 26 isolates were from other non\u2010sterile sites. We identified 18 previously validated <jats:italic>emm<\/jats:italic> types and one novel subtype, <jats:italic>emm11.7<\/jats:italic>, among the 101 GAS isolates. The two predominant types, <jats:italic>emm28<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>12<\/jats:italic>, were found in 40.6% of the GAS isolates. Compared to other recent studies of noninvasive GAS infections from elsewhere in the world, we found a higher frequency of <jats:italic>emm82<\/jats:italic> (5.9%) and <jats:italic>emm87<\/jats:italic> (12.9%) and a lower frequency of <jats:italic>emm1<\/jats:italic> (4.0%) and <jats:italic>emm3<\/jats:italic> (4.0%). We found a different distribution of GAS <jats:italic>emm <\/jats:italic>types compared to a previous study from western Norway. Among the 64 isolates of GCS and GGS, 15 previously described <jats:italic>emm <\/jats:italic>types and four novel subtypes, <jats:italic>stC1400.5<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>stCK401.3<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>stG6.3 <\/jats:italic>and <jats:italic>stG652.3, <\/jats:italic>were found. <jats:italic>stG6<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>stG643<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>stG485<\/jats:italic> were the most prevalent types and accounted for 59.4% of the GCS and GGS isolates. The high proportion of skin isolates in the present study may indicate the existence of GAS, GCS and GGS strains with predominantly skin and soft tissue tropism in our community.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2008.00976.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,13]],"date-time":"2008-08-13T14:59:29Z","timestamp":1218639569000},"page":"457-464","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Distribution of <i>emm <\/i>types and subtypes among noninvasive group A, C and G streptococcal isolates in western Norway"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"B\u00c5RD REIAKVAM","family":"KITTANG","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"NINA","family":"LANGELAND","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HAIMA","family":"MYLVAGANAM","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199608223350803"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/340576"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.3.841-846.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.1.186-192.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2005.01169.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.59.7.2305-2310.1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.64.6.2122-2129.1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1994.tb18865.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.2.356-363.1995","article-title":"M protein or M\u2010like protein gene polymorphisms in human group G streptococci","volume":"33","author":"Schnitzler N","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.8.4858-4869.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mpat.1996.0026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/324621"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/341409"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/513875"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.4.2171-2177.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/74719"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/444458"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365549009027073"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)90629-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","first-page":"3310","article-title":"[Streptococcus group A infections of skin, soft tissue and blood]","volume":"121","author":"Chelsom J","year":"2001","journal-title":"Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","unstructured":"SkredeS LeivaRAM ThornamP VindenesH.Severe infections associated with beta\u2010hemolytic streptococci in Hordaland during December 2002\u2010March 2003. 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