{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:47:36Z","timestamp":1791910056764,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,14]],"date-time":"2010-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1276473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["APMIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Botros SS, Hammam O, Mahmoud M, Bergquist R. Praziquantel efficacy in mice infected with PZQ non\u2010susceptible <jats:italic>S.\u00a0mansoni<\/jats:italic> isolate treated with artemether: parasitological, biochemical and immunohistochemical assessment. APMIS 2010; 118: 692\u2013702.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Based on the fact that artemether (ART) affects immature schistosomes and that the effect of praziquantel (PZQ) mainly targets mature schistosomes, this work investigates the possible enhanced efficacy of PZQ in combination with ART in mice harboring a PZQ non\u2010susceptible <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic> isolate. Associated schistosomal, inflammatory, hepatic histopathological changes have been investigated by examining the tissue markers expressing apoptosis using FAS (CD95), anti\u2010apoptosis (Bcl2) and angiogenesis [vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)]. A batch of Swiss albino mice infected with a PZQ non\u2010susceptible (EE10) <jats:italic>S.\u00a0mansoni<\/jats:italic> isolate was divided into 12 groups. Animals of the first group were left without treatment as infected controls, while groups 2\u20136 received PZQ in increasing doses. The animals of group 7 received ART in double doses. Those comprising groups 8\u201312 received combined therapy of PZQ and ART in the same doses and at the same timings postinfection (PI) as those belonging to groups 2\u20136. Parasitological parameters, liver function, and histopathological and immunohistochemical studies of FAS, Bcl2 and VEGF antibodies were assessed. Combined administration of ART and PZQ reduced the ED<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> (the dose at which the worm burden was decreased by 50%) of PZQ. Typical granulomas were not seen in animals treated with ART alone and combined with PZQ, with least expression of FAS and VEGF and increased expression of Bcl2. The minimal histopathological changes recorded in mice treated with both ART and PZQ could be related to a synergistic\/additive effect of ART, markedly reducing the intensity of infection. Improved liver function tests support the less severe histopathological changes under the influence of this treatment protocol. This study encourages human trials especially in areas where malaria is not endemic, and differing combination doses should be investigated in view of the antagonistic effect noticed with some dose regimens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2010.02645.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,14]],"date-time":"2010-06-14T16:41:56Z","timestamp":1276533716000},"page":"692-702","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Praziquantel efficacy in mice infected with PZQ non\u2010susceptible <i>S.\u00a0mansoni<\/i> isolate treated with artemether: parasitological, biochemical and immunohistochemical assessment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Sanaa S.","family":"Botros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olfat","family":"Hammam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madiha","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Bergquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200012000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1989.40.507"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0924-8579(94)90032-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0399-077X(86)80041-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","first-page":"209","volume-title":"Epidemiology, immunology and chemotherapy of schistosoma mansoni infections in a recently exposed community in Senegal","author":"Gryseels B","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1996.55.214"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.60.932"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000007137"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000504"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(99)01601-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5769(00)00028-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00091-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","first-page":"48","article-title":"Effect of artemether on Schistosoma mansoni: dose\u2010efficacy relationship, and changes in worm morphology and histopathology","volume":"22","author":"Xiao SH","year":"2004","journal-title":"Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-89102004000100010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2005.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/136485908X252214"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2007.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","first-page":"361","article-title":"Altered expression of Fas (APO\u20101, CD95) and Fas ligand in the liver of mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum and Schistosoma mansoni: implications for liver carcinogenesis","volume":"3","author":"Shao Q","year":"2002","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/340416"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2005.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_2","first-page":"34","article-title":"Laboratory cultivation of schistosome vector snails and maintenance of schistosome life cycles","volume":"1","author":"Liang Y","year":"1987","journal-title":"Proc First Sino-Am Symp"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00389899"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1967.16.483"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1962.11.201"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_2","first-page":"328","article-title":"Condition affecting the accuracy of potassium hydroxide digestion technique for counting Schistosoma mansoni eggs in tissue","volume":"39","author":"Cheever AW","year":"1968","journal-title":"Bull World Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/28.1.56"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm.1976.14.1-12.421"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1986.11811981"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/29.11.6172466"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_2","first-page":"1354","article-title":"Immunohistochemical detection of Fas antigen in liver tissue of patients with chronic hepatitis C","volume":"46","author":"Hiramatsu N","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.00792.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-200102000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2004.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-322R"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_2","first-page":"229","article-title":"Light and electron microscopic studies on Schistosoma mansoni granulomas of mouse livers following treatment with praziquantel","volume":"33","author":"Mehlhorn H","year":"1982","journal-title":"Tropenmed Parasitol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00452-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0192-0561(97)85553-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/JOH2002135"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2003.apm1111208.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_2","first-page":"187","volume-title":"The Liver: Biology and Pathobiology","author":"M\u00fcller M","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.16.6961"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_2","first-page":"597","article-title":"Immunological indicators of morbidity in human Schistosomiasis mansoni: role of vascular endothelial growth factor and anti\u2010soluble egg antigen IgG4 in disease progression","volume":"33","author":"Tawfeek GM","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Egypt Soc Parasitol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2006.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.3.2.211"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08923970500418786"}],"container-title":["APMIS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0463.2010.02645.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2010.02645.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T07:09:18Z","timestamp":1698736158000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2010.02645.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,18]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2010.02645.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2010.02645.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0903-4641","1600-0463"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0903-4641","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0463","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2010-08-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}