{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T19:18:32Z","timestamp":1784920712057,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,17]],"date-time":"2011-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1318809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["APMIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Ouzounova\u2010Raykova V, Jordanov D, El\u2010Tibi M, Mitov I. Gonococcal infection in symptomatic and asymptomatic persons seeking medical clinics in Sofia. A 3\u2010year study 2008\u20132010. APMIS 2011; 119: 864\u20137.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The aim was to determine the prevalence of gonococcal infection and to compare the results with those received by other researchers, because in Bulgaria a good medical practice for the laboratory confirmation, report and therapy is lacking. A total of 617 specimens from symptomatic and asymptomatic persons attending clinics in Sofia from January 2008 to December 2010 were tested by culture and in\u2010house PCR. Using PCR <jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic> was identified in six urethral (6.25%) and eight (1.54%) cervical specimens. By applying culture method, <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic> positive result was found in 12 swabs \u2013 one cervical and one urethral swab less. The positive results correspond predominantly to persons with genital complains and suspicions for gonococcal or other sexually transmitted infection. This is the first study in Bulgaria since 1989 and determines the prevalence of <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic> to 2.3% over a 3\u2010year period. Detection by culture was slightly less sensitive than by nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT). Continuous monitoring of gonorrhea by culture and NAAT is important for public health in Bulgaria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2011.02769.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,17]],"date-time":"2011-10-17T12:33:42Z","timestamp":1318854822000},"page":"864-867","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Gonococcal infection in symptomatic and asymptomatic persons seeking medical clinics in Sofia \u2013 A 3\u2010year study 2008\u20132010"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"VESSELA","family":"OUZOUNOVA\u2010RAYKOVA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"DANIEL","family":"JORDANOV","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MOHAMED","family":"EL\u2010TIBI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"IVAN","family":"MITOV","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","first-page":"453","article-title":"Rapid one step detection of pathogenic bacteria in urine with sexually transmitted disease (STD) and prostatitis patient by multiplex PCR assay (mPCR)","volume":"45","author":"Lee SR","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2144\/99262bm04"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05725.x","article-title":"Transformation\u2010mediated exchange of virulence determinants by co\u2010cultivation of pathogenic Neisseriae","volume":"79","author":"Frosch M","year":"1992","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08574.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026162"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-9822(93)90001-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","first-page":"235","article-title":"Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae among women in a family planning clinic","volume":"31","author":"Fernandes AM","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2007.028126"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2007.026914"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","unstructured":"VillaM VallsM AndreuA SaravanyaM LoureiroE SanzB et\u00a0al.Prevalence ofChlamydia trachomatisandNeisseria gonorrhoeaein native and immigrant population (AmBITS study) in Barcelona (Spain). 15th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Copenhagen\/Denmark 2005; 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