{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T11:03:55Z","timestamp":1789383835043,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,7]],"date-time":"2012-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["APMIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Thirty\u2010three isolates of <jats:italic>Proteus mirabilis<\/jats:italic> and two <jats:italic>P. vulgaris<\/jats:italic> were examined for their antimicrobial resistance, the presence of integrons with regard to gene cassette content, and genetic determinants of \u03b2\u2010lactam and low\u2010level quinolone resistance. Integrons were detected in 23 (69.7%) <jats:italic>P. mirabilis<\/jats:italic> isolates; six (18.2%) of them had class 1 integrons, 11 (33.3%) possessed class 2 integrons and six (18.2%) carried integrons of both classes. One <jats:italic>P. vulgaris<\/jats:italic> strain possessed class 1 and class 2 integrons. The presence of integrons was associated with increased frequency of resistance to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole and co\u2010trimoxazole. Moreover, integron presence was associated with increased resistance range in terms of both the number of antimicrobials and the number of classes of antimicrobials to which a strain was resistant. Class 1 integrons contained <jats:italic>aadA1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> aadB\u2010aadA1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> dfrA1\u2010aadA1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>PSE\u20101<\/jats:sub>\u2010<jats:italic>aadA1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>aacA4\u2010orfA\u2010orfB\u2010aadA1<\/jats:italic> gene cassette arrays, whereas all class 2 integrons had a <jats:italic>dfrA1\u2010sat2\u2010aada1<\/jats:italic> array. \u03b2\u2010lactamase genes not associated with integrons comprised <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>TEM\u20102<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>DHA\u20101<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CMY\u201015<\/jats:sub>. Plasmid\u2010mediated fluoroquinolone resistance was determined by <jats:italic>qnrD<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>qnrS1<\/jats:italic> genes. This is the first report of <jats:italic>P. vulgaris<\/jats:italic> strains harbouring <jats:italic>qnrD<\/jats:italic> genes in Europe.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2012.02923.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,7]],"date-time":"2012-07-07T05:01:42Z","timestamp":1341637302000},"page":"950-958","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Integrons, \u03b2\u2010lactamase and <scp><i>qnr<\/i><\/scp> genes in multidrug resistant clinical isolates of <i><scp>P<\/scp>roteus mirabilis<\/i> and <i><scp>P<\/scp>. vulgaris<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Joanna","family":"Mokracka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology Adam Mickiewicz University in Pozna\u0144 Pozna\u0144 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