{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T06:40:59Z","timestamp":1777531259414,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,8]],"date-time":"2012-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1344384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["APMIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Quinolone resistance is generally caused by chromosomal mutations, but has been more recently found associated with the plasmid\u2010mediated <jats:italic>qnr<\/jats:italic> genes. The objective of this study was to screen and analyse polymorphisms of integrons in clinical isolates of <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> in Jamaica. Previous studies in Jamaica identified fluoroquinolone resistance in predominantly uropathogenic <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> clinical isolates: 45% harbouring <jats:italic>qnr<\/jats:italic>A, <jats:italic>qnr<\/jats:italic>B and\/or <jats:italic>qnr<\/jats:italic>S, and 17% were (Extended\u2010spectrum beta\u2010lactamase) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ESBL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010producers. These isolates were analysed for the presence and variation of class 1 and 2 integrase genes, 5\u2032\u2010 and 3\u2032\u2010 conserved segments and the <jats:italic>Orf<\/jats:italic>513 recombinase gene by primer\u2010specific polymerase chain reaction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>) and restriction fragment\u2010length polymorphism (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RFLP<\/jats:styled-content>). Results indicated integron\u2010encoded integrases in 93% of isolates primarily harbouring class 1 integrase genes; four of 58 isolates carried both classes. The <jats:italic>Orf<\/jats:italic>513 and 5\u2032\u2010 and 3\u2032\u2010conserved segment (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content>) regions were identified in 83% and 55% of the isolates respectively. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RFLP<\/jats:styled-content> evaluation of the 5\u2032\u2010 and 3\u2032\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content> regions in <jats:italic>int<\/jats:italic>1\u2010positive strains yielded two main types. The reduced diversity, but wide dispersion of class 1 integrons harbouring <jats:italic>qnr<\/jats:italic> genes may give rise to the conservation of the mobile genetic elements in which they are carried.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2012.02960.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,8]],"date-time":"2012-08-08T12:17:24Z","timestamp":1344428244000},"page":"226-231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Occurrence of class 1 integrons in uropathogenic fluoroquinolone\u2010resistant clinical <i>Escherichia coli<\/i> isolates from Jamaica"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Stacy A.M.","family":"Stephenson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of the West Indies Mona Kingston Jamaica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul 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