{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T21:08:03Z","timestamp":1769202483735,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,16]],"date-time":"2008-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1224115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Oral Implants Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives: <\/jats:bold> To validate an experimental setup designed to apply load onto bone tissue using osseointegrated implants in a rabbit model. Specifically, (1) to design an apparatus capable of generating controlled forces, (2) to assess implant placement, maintenance and loading and (3) to evaluate outcome variables using three radiological methods.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Material and methods: <\/jats:bold> New Zealand White rabbits were used. Two dental implants were inserted 15\u201318\u2003mm apart in the animals' tibiae. After 3 months of healing, the implants were loaded normal to their long axes using a pneumatically activated device. A 15\u2003min load regimen at 1\u2003Hz was applied 5 days per week. Every week the applied load was increased by 5\u2003N up to week 8 and by 10\u2003N up to 100\u2003N by week 14. Groups of animals (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=3) were sacrificed at load levels 25, 50 and 100\u2003N. One unloaded controlateral implant in each group provided the baseline data. The rabbits were computer tomography (CT) scanned and radiographed using conventional frames every 4\u20135 weeks. After sacrifice, a volume of interest (VOI) located in the inter\u2010implant zones and a VOI set as a ring surrounding the distal implant were analyzed using micro computer tomography (\u03bcCT).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results: <\/jats:bold> A variety of osseous responses was observed, ranging from minor alterations to significant increases in porosity and lamelling of the cortical layer. \u03bcCT data of the inter\u2010implant VOI demonstrated an initial increase in total volume (upto 50\u2003N) followed by stabilization. Concomitantly, bone volumetric density first decreased and then augmented until the end of the experiment. This phenomenon was not observed in the peri\u2010implant VOI, for which volumetric density augmented from the beginning to the end of the experiment.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions: <\/jats:bold> 1. In future trials the loading devices must be constructed so as to sustain heavy cyclic loads over prolonged periods. 2. When properly handled, rabbits are cooperative animals in this application. In a third of the sites, signs of inflammation were observed. 3. In the inter\u2010implant VOI, the cortical bone tended to react in two phases: first, as an increase in porosity and lamelling and second, as an augmentation of bone volumetric density. The peri\u2010implant VOI adapted only by augmenting volumetric density.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2008.01548.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,16]],"date-time":"2008-10-16T07:14:33Z","timestamp":1224141273000},"page":"1093-1102","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Bone reactions to controlled loading of endosseous implants: a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"H. W. 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