{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T17:37:25Z","timestamp":1784050645413,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,15]],"date-time":"2008-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1221436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Oral Implants Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives: <\/jats:bold> To find an animal model for modified Caldwell\u2013Luc procedure training. The animal model should have (1) a proper cortical thickness in the lateral wall; (2) a similar morphology and resistance of the Schneiderian membrane in humans; and, finally, (3) an oral approach.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Materials and methods: <\/jats:bold> Twelve fresh heads (four Merino sheep, four Murciano\u2013Granadina goats and four Large\u2013White pigs). Two skulls from each of these species were also used. Several three\u2010dimensional imagings from the skulls of each species were acquired using a C\u2010arm. Two fresh heads of each species were used to perform the modified Caldwell\u2013Luc procedure. Two fresh heads of each species were firstly frozen at \u221230\u00b0C for 48\u2003h and then sawed in blocks containing only the target region of the maxillary sinus.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results: <\/jats:bold> The average thickness was 2.03\u2003mm in goat and sheep and 2.80 in pig. Releasing and elevation of the Schneiderian membrane from the sinus floor were easy in the three species. The approach of the maxillary sinus in sheep, goat and pig from the buccal vestibule required a previous surgical enlargement of the buccal vestibule.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions: <\/jats:bold> In conclusion, the cortical bone thickness and Schneider membrane characteristics in Merina sheep and Murciano\u2013Granadina goat allow a perfect training for the modified Caldwell\u2013Luc procedure. However, the approach from the oral cavity needs, in these species, a previous enlargement of the buccal vestibule. The excessive thickness of the cortical bone restricts the use of pigs for this technique.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2008.01557.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,15]],"date-time":"2008-09-15T09:06:32Z","timestamp":1221469592000},"page":"1044-1048","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Maxillary sinus\u2010floor elevation: an animal 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