{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T03:33:00Z","timestamp":1791516780199,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,26]],"date-time":"2012-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1327536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Oral Implants Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two fractured one\u2010piece experimental (commercially unavailable) zirconia implants were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SEM<\/jats:styled-content>) analysis to identify failure origins and aid in understanding the failure mechanisms. Modifications to the zirconia implant design are suggested to minimize such fracture incidences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two zirconia implants fractured during the final torquing in the maxillary ridge using the prescribed hand torque wrench. The implants were subsequently retrieved and prepared for optical and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SEM<\/jats:styled-content> evaluation. Critical attention was given to the fractography (crack morphology) of the fractured implants to identify the fracture origin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Events related to initiation and propagation of the crack front could be detected from the morphology of the fractured surfaces. Unfavorable torque and bending forces applied on the implant during surgical placement and the inherent flaws in the material may have resulted in crack initiation and implant failure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Caution must be exercised when placing zirconia implants in dense bone sites. Modification of surgical protocols for the intended implant site may be necessary. Improvement in design features specific to zirconia implants, and strict quality control during manufacture is essential to minimize the likelihood of fracture.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2011.02411.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,26]],"date-time":"2012-01-26T07:45:34Z","timestamp":1327563934000},"page":"592-597","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Fractured zirconia implants and related implant designs: scanning electron microscopy analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Reham B.","family":"Osman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Implantology Research Group Sir John Walsh Research Institute School of Dentistry University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunyoung","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Implantology Research Group Sir John Walsh Research Institute School of Dentistry University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Warwick","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Implantology Research Group Sir John Walsh Research Institute School of Dentistry University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohana K.","family":"De Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Implantology Research Group Sir John Walsh Research Institute School of Dentistry University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allauddin","family":"Siddiqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Implantology Research Group Sir John Walsh Research Institute School of Dentistry University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael V.","family":"Swain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Implantology Research Group Sir John Walsh Research Institute School of Dentistry University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2009.01800.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(98)70031-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(93)90289-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8208.2008.00105.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2009.01785.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"Biomaterials and biomechanics in dental implant design","volume":"3","author":"Brunski J.B.","year":"1988","journal-title":"International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2007.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"662","article-title":"Analysis of incidence and associated factors with fractured implants: a retrospective study","volume":"15","author":"Eckert S.E","year":"2000","journal-title":"International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20100501.2011.02206.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008505-200204000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8208.2005.tb00078.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"184","article-title":"Optimal esthetics in single tooth replacement with the re\u2010implant system: a case report","volume":"12","author":"Heydecke G.","year":"1999","journal-title":"International Journal of Prosthodontics"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708\u20108208.2010.00330.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(89)90075-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2007.00243.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2004.75.9.1262"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"199","volume-title":"Osseointegration in Clinical Dentistry","author":"Lekholm U.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.31211"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1563\/AAID-JOI-D-09-00079"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"561","article-title":"Light and scanning electron microscopic report of four fractured implants","volume":"13","author":"Piattelli A.","year":"1998","journal-title":"International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(98)00010-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","unstructured":"Quinn G.D.(2007)Fractography of Ceramic and Glasses. 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