{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T08:09:08Z","timestamp":1768464548051,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,13]],"date-time":"2012-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1331596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Oral Implants Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study evaluated the reliability and failure modes of implants with a microthreaded or smooth design at the crestal region, restored with screwed or cemented crowns. The postulated null hypothesis was that the presence of microthreads in the implant cervical region would not result in different reliability and strength to failure than smooth design, regardless of fixation method, when subjected to step\u2010stress accelerated life\u2010testing (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SSALT<\/jats:styled-content>) in water.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighty four dental implants (3.3\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\u00a0mm) were divided into four groups (<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a021) according to implant macrogeometric design at the crestal region and crown fixation method: Microthreads Screwed (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content>); Smooth Screwed (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>); Microthreads Cemented (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MC<\/jats:styled-content>), and Smooth Cemented (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SC<\/jats:styled-content>). The abutments were torqued to the implants and standardized maxillary central incisor metallic crowns were cemented (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MC<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> SC<\/jats:styled-content>) or screwed (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> SS<\/jats:styled-content>) and subjected to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SSALT<\/jats:styled-content> in water. The probability of failure versus cycles (90% two\u2010sided confidence intervals) was calculated and plotted using a power law relationship for damage accumulation. Reliability for a mission of 50,000 cycles at 150\u00a0N (90% 2\u2010sided confidence intervals) was calculated. Differences between final failure loads during fatigue for each group were assessed by Kruskal\u2013Wallis along with Benferroni's <jats:italic>post hoc<\/jats:italic> tests. Polarized\u2010light and scanning electron microscopes were used for failure analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Beta (\u03b2) value (confidence interval range) derived from use level probability Weibull calculation of 1.30 (0.76\u20132.22), 1.17 (0.70\u20131.96), 1.12 (0.71\u20131.76), and 0.52 (0.30\u20130.89) for groups <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MC<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> SC<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> MS<\/jats:styled-content>, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content> respectively, indicated that fatigue was an accelerating factor for all groups, except for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>. The calculated reliability was higher for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SC<\/jats:styled-content> (99%) compared to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MC<\/jats:styled-content> (87%). No difference was observed between screwed restorations (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content> \u2013 29%, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content> \u2013 43%). Failure involved abutment screw fracture for all groups. The cemented groups (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MC<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> SC<\/jats:styled-content>) presented more abutment and implant fractures. Significantly higher load to fracture values were observed for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SC<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MC<\/jats:styled-content> relative to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Since reliability and strength to failure was higher for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SC<\/jats:styled-content> than for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MC<\/jats:styled-content>, our postulated null hypothesis was rejected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2012.02437.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,14]],"date-time":"2012-03-14T03:02:56Z","timestamp":1331694176000},"page":"191-196","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Effect of microthread presence and restoration design (screw versus cemented) in dental implant reliability and failure modes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Erika O.","family":"Almeida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Material and Prosthodontics Ara\u00e7atuba School of Dentistry Sao Paulo State University \u2013 UNESP Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amilcar C.","family":"Freitas J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Dentistry Potiguar University School of Dentistry \u2013 UnP Natal RN Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Estevam A.","family":"Bonfante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Dentistry UNIGRANRIO University Duque de Caxias RJ Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduardo Passos","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Material and Prosthodontics Ara\u00e7atuba School of Dentistry Sao Paulo State University \u2013 UNESP Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nelson R. 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