{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T19:19:44Z","timestamp":1792264784587,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,15]],"date-time":"2004-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1089849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clinic Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives: <\/jats:bold> Does a high brushing force induce more gingival abrasion than a low (regular) brushing force? Furthermore, what is the effect of a low or high force on the efficacy?<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods: <\/jats:bold> Thirty\u2010five non\u2010dental students were selected. All received an appointment prior to which they abstained from oral hygiene for at least 48\u2003h. At baseline the teeth and surrounding tissues were disclosed using Mira\u20102\u2010Tone\u00ae disclosing solution. Next, the examiner (PAV) evaluated the number of sites with gingival abrasion and the amount of dental plaque (Quigley &amp; Hein) at 6 surfaces of each tooth. In the absence of this examiner, the subject's teeth were brushed by a hygienist (MP) using the Braun\/Oral\u2010B\u00ae\u2010D17 oscillating rotating toothbrush. Brushing was performed in two randomly selected contra\u2010lateral quadrants for 60\u2003s with either a low force (\u00b11.5\u2003N) or high force (\u00b13.5\u2003N) and in the opposing quadrants for 60\u2003s with the alternative force. Visual feedback was given to control force. The brush was moved from the distal tooth to the central incisor perpendicular to the tooth surface with an angle of approximately 10\u201315\u00b0 towards the gingival margin. Next, the number of sites with abrasion and the remaining plaque were assessed again.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results: <\/jats:bold> The overall baseline gingival abrasion scores were 3.1 and 3.2 sites for high and low force, respectively, and increased to 5.0 and 5.9 sites respectively after brushing. There was no significant difference with respect to incidence of abrasion. At baseline, 48\u2003h. plaque levels were 2.2. The reduction in plaque scores with the low force was 60% and with the high force 56%. This difference was significant.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion: <\/jats:bold> With the oscillating rotating power toothbrush (Braun\/Oral\u2010B D17) the use of high force (\u00b13.5\u2003N) is less efficacious as compared to a regular low force (\u00b11.5\u2003N) while the incidence of gingival abrasion sites was comparable. (This study was sponsored by Gillette.)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051x.2004.00529.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,15]],"date-time":"2004-07-15T09:56:32Z","timestamp":1089885392000},"page":"620-624","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["High and low brushing force in relation to efficacy and gingival abrasion"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"G. A.","family":"Van der Weijden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. F.","family":"Timmerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. A.","family":"Versteeg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Piscaer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"U.","family":"Van der Velden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1990.tb01086.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1961.32.1.43"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345770560070301"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1979.50.4.212"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1998.tb02510.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","first-page":"S35","article-title":"A comparison of electric toothbrushes in their potential to cause gingival abrasion of oral soft tissues","volume":"11","author":"Danser M. 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