{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T14:07:25Z","timestamp":1770818845901,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,20]],"date-time":"2006-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1163980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clinic Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives: <\/jats:bold> Studies suggest that elevated circulating tumour necrosis factor\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> (TNF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>) may contribute to insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes. The source of plasma TNF has been thought to be adipocytes associated with obesity, but inflammation and infection result in TNF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> production as well.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods: <\/jats:bold> We studied 46 patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis to determine the relationship between plasma TNF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> levels and clinical measures of periodontitis, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) interleukin\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> (IL\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>), plasma endotoxin, serum glucose, and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). TNF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> levels were measured using a high sensitivity enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results: <\/jats:bold> TNF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> showed a significant positive correlation with attachment loss (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>=0.40, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.009), plasma endotoxin (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>=0.33, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.03), and GCF IL\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>=0.33, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.035), but not probing depth (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>=0.28, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.07), bleeding on probing (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>=0.30, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.053), plaque index (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>=0.22, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.17), serum glucose, HbA1c (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>=0.10, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.50), or body mass index (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>=0.077, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.62). A dose\u2013response relationship was observed between periodontitis severity and TNF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.012).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion: <\/jats:bold> The finding that chronic periodontitis is associated with plasma TNF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> levels in subjects with type 2 diabetes supports the hypothesis that periodontal infection and inflammation may contribute to insulin resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051x.2006.01017.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,20]],"date-time":"2006-11-20T09:45:53Z","timestamp":1164015953000},"page":"18-24","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["Plasma levels of tumour necrosis factor\u2010<i>\u03b1<\/i> in patients with chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Engebretson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Chertog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Nichols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Hey\u2010Hadavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Celenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Grbic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1001730"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"178","article-title":"Plasma 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