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Before baseline examination, participants completed a self\u2010report questionnaire. Structural equation modelling using maximum likelihood estimation with bootstrapping was used to test the direct and indirect (mediated) pathways within the extended <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRA<\/jats:styled-content> model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The extended <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRA<\/jats:styled-content> model explained a large amount of variance in gingival outcome scores at 12\u00a0months (56%). A higher level of self\u2010efficacy at baseline was associated with higher frequencies of oral hygiene behaviour at 3\u00a0months. Being female was linked to more normative beliefs that, in turn, related to greater behavioural beliefs and self\u2010efficacy. Gender was also related to behavioural beliefs, attitudes and subjective norms. Both frequency of oral hygiene behaviour at 3\u00a0months and the cognitive behavioural intervention predicted gingival outcome at 12\u00a0months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The model demonstrated that self\u2010efficacy, gender and a cognitive behavioural intervention were important predictors of oral hygiene behavioural change.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051x.2011.01822.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,7]],"date-time":"2011-12-07T03:56:27Z","timestamp":1323230187000},"page":"138-144","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Factors influencing oral hygiene behaviour and gingival outcomes 3 and 12\u00a0months after initial periodontal treatment: an exploratory test of an extended Theory of Reasoned Action"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Birgitta","family":"J\u00f6nsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Social Sciences Dalarna University Falun Sweden"},{"name":"Dental Health Care Administration in Uppsala County Council Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah R.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Dentistry University of Sheffield Sheffield United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Lindberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nils","family":"Oscarson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Board of Health and Welfare Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"\u00d6hrn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Social Sciences Dalarna University Falun Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Periodontal conditions in a Swedish city population of adolescents: a cross\u2010sectional study","volume":"30","author":"Abrahamsson K. 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