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Maxillary left or right quadrants were randomly assigned to sham\u2010laser treatment\u00a0+\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRP<\/jats:styled-content> or laser\u00a0+\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRP<\/jats:styled-content>. This consisted of photoablative intra\/extra\u2010pocket de\u2010epithelization with diode laser (\u03bb\u00a0=\u00a0810\u00a0nm), followed by single <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRP<\/jats:styled-content> and multiple photodynamic treatments (once weekly, 4\u201310 applications, mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>: 3.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.4) using diode laser (\u03bb\u00a0=\u00a0635\u00a0nm) and 0.3% methylene blue as photosensitizer. The patients were monitored at days 0 and 365 by clinical assessment (probing depth, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>; clinical attachment level, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAL<\/jats:styled-content>; bleeding on probing, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BOP<\/jats:styled-content>) and at days 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 365 by cytofluorescence analysis of gingival exfoliative samples taken in proximity of the teeth to be treated (polymorphonuclear leukocytes, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMN<\/jats:styled-content>; red blood cells, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBC<\/jats:styled-content>; damaged epithelial cells, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DEC<\/jats:styled-content>; bacteria).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At day 365, compared with the control quadrants, the laser\u00a0+\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRP<\/jats:styled-content> therapy yielded a significant (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.001) reduction in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content> (\u22121.9\u00a0mm), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAL<\/jats:styled-content> (\u22121.7\u00a0mm) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BOP<\/jats:styled-content> (\u221233.2% bleeding sites), as well as in bacterial contamination \u2013 especially spirochetes \u2013 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMN<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBC<\/jats:styled-content> shedding in the gingival samples (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diode laser treatment (photoablation followed by multiple photodynamic cycles) adjunctive to conventional <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRP<\/jats:styled-content> improves healing in chronic periodontitis patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051x.2012.01925.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,22]],"date-time":"2012-06-22T18:25:16Z","timestamp":1340389516000},"page":"962-970","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Combined photoablative and photodynamic diode laser therapy as an adjunct to non\u2010surgical periodontal treatment. 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