{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T15:17:31Z","timestamp":1776784651596,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,5]],"date-time":"2012-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1344124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clinic Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>Human beta\u2010defensins (hBD<\/jats:styled-content>s) and the C<\/jats:styled-content>\u2013C<\/jats:styled-content> chemokine ligand 20 (CCL<\/jats:styled-content>20) produced by gingival epithelial cells (GEC<\/jats:styled-content>s) and fibroblasts (HGF<\/jats:styled-content>s) are antimicrobial peptides (AMP<\/jats:styled-content>s) that play an important role in innate immunity. The aim of this study was to determine the differential immune response of GEC<\/jats:styled-content>s and HGF<\/jats:styled-content>s to the oral commensal S<\/jats:styled-content>treptococcus gordonii<\/jats:italic> (SG<\/jats:styled-content>) and the pathogen P<\/jats:styled-content>orphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic> (PG<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>In addition to the analysis of gingival biopsies, primary GEC<\/jats:styled-content>s and HGF<\/jats:styled-content>s were exposed to SG<\/jats:styled-content> and\/or PG<\/jats:styled-content>, and expression of various AMP<\/jats:styled-content>s and pro\u2010inflammatory mediators was studied by real\u2010time PCR<\/jats:styled-content> and ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Gene expression of AMP<\/jats:styled-content>s was detected in gingival connective tissue. Both SG<\/jats:styled-content> and PG<\/jats:styled-content> induced the mRNA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010expression of hBD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 and hBD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20103 in GEC<\/jats:styled-content>s as well as HGF<\/jats:styled-content>s after 24\u00a0h (p\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05). In HGF<\/jats:styled-content>s, the commensal bacterium SG<\/jats:styled-content> stimulated the mRNA<\/jats:styled-content>s of hBD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20103 and CCL<\/jats:styled-content>20 after 24\u00a0h (p\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05), while not in GEC<\/jats:styled-content>s. In GEC<\/jats:styled-content>s, the inductive effect of PG<\/jats:styled-content> on the mRNA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010expression of hBD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 was amplified when cells were first exposed to commensal SG<\/jats:styled-content> (for 1\u00a0h) prior to stimulation with PG<\/jats:styled-content> (SG<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010PG<\/jats:styled-content>; p\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Our data indicate that cell\u2010bacteria interactions and\/or bacteria\u2010bacteria cross\u2010talk may have an impact on AMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010regulation in gingiva.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051x.2012.01933.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,3]],"date-time":"2012-07-03T14:48:50Z","timestamp":1341326930000},"page":"913-922","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Antimicrobial responses of primary gingival cells to Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Henrik","family":"Dommisch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany"},{"name":"Department of Oral Biology University of Washington Seattle WA USA"},{"name":"Clinical Research Unit 208 Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Reinartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Unit 208 Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Backhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Unit 208 Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Deschner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany"},{"name":"Clinical Research Unit 208 Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Whasun","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology University of Washington Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S\u00f8ren","family":"Jepsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany"},{"name":"Clinical Research Unit 208 Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2003.74.1.90"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.1999.00022.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10266-006-0063-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2010.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.1.352-358.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138161207782110435"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.8.5165"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0757.2002.03007.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910308201104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"119","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides in the oral environment: expression and function in health and disease","volume":"7","author":"Dale B. 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