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Recently there has been increasing debate on the alleged link between increased use of fluoride toothpaste, particularly by infants and young children, and increased levels of enamel fluorosis. Central to these discussions are two issues, namely measurement of the amount of fluoride ingested by infants and young children and measurement of enamel opacities including fluorosis. The aims of the project described in this special issue addressed these two measurement issues. Seven EU Partners participated. Standardized methods for recording the amount of fluoride ingested when using fluoride toothpaste were developed and used in the seven sites. Similarly a standardized photographic method for recording enamel opacities, including fluorosis, was developed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2004.00133.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,20]],"date-time":"2004-04-20T16:23:24Z","timestamp":1082478204000},"page":"5-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Fluoride ingestion from toothpaste: background to European Union\u2010funded multicentre project"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Denis M.","family":"O'Mullane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judith A","family":"Cochran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen P.","family":"Whelton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_2","first-page":"54","article-title":"Dental health status and dental knowledge, attitudes and behaviour in Irish Adults","volume":"27","author":"O'Mullane D","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Irish Dent Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_2","volume-title":"Adults Dental Health in Ireland, 1989\/90","author":"O'Mullane D","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_2","volume-title":"Adult Dental Health 1988, Population Census' and Surveys, Social Survey Division","author":"Todd JE","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_2","volume-title":"Fluorides and Oral Health.","author":"World Health Organisation.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000262332"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345450240060301"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345600390053001"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1955.0240"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1988.tb00574.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345970760110901"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4808490"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4809456"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000261313"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_2","first-page":"148","article-title":"The prevalence and cosmetic importance of dental fluorosis in the United Kingdom: a review","volume":"14","author":"Holloway PJ","year":"1997","journal-title":"Community Dent Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345880670120901"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000261284"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345930720090201"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345740530060301"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000261296"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_2","first-page":"177","article-title":"The ingestion of fluoride dentifrice by young children","volume":"56","author":"Simard PL","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Dent Child"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345960750070401"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_2","first-page":"50","article-title":"Patterns of fluoride dentifrice use among infants","volume":"19","author":"Levy SM","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am Acad Ped Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1999.tb02023.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114500000040"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000259804"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1934.0220"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08959374890030020601"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1978.tb01173.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1984.0268"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PendrysDG.The fluorosis risk index: a method for investigating risk factors.J Public Health Dent1990;50:291\u20108.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-7325.1990.tb02138.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4803359"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_33_2","first-page":"159","article-title":"Technical Report Number 15. 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