{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T10:18:36Z","timestamp":1784542716833,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,19]],"date-time":"2004-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1084924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Comm Dent Oral Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Abstract\u2003\u2013\u2003<\/jats:bold>  <jats:italic>Objectives:<\/jats:italic>\u2002This single\u2010blind randomized controlled pilot study evaluated the efficacy of a behavioral intervention program, PRO\u2010SELF: Candidiasis, to reduce time to recurrence of oral candidiasis over 6\u2003months in susceptible HIV\u2010seropositive persons. The intervention involved instruction by dentists on improving oral hygiene, minimizing sugar intake, and self\u2010diagnosing candidiasis. <jats:italic>Methods:<\/jats:italic>\u2002Participants were adults with oral candidiasis responsive to antifungals who presented to the UCSF Stomatology Clinic between 1997 and 2000. At 2\u20133\u2003weeks of follow\u2010up visits, a dentist \u2018examiner\u2019, masked to group assignment, quizzed participants as to the presence of candidiasis, and assessed candidiasis status. A second, unmasked dentist \u2018instructor\u2019 then delivered the program to intervention participants. Participants recorded dietary and oral hygiene practices in 24\u2010h recall diaries: intervention participants at each visit and controls at initial and final visits. <jats:italic>Results:<\/jats:italic>\u2002At randomization, CD4+ cell counts (cells\/mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>) were 298\u2003\u00b1\u2003188 among 18 intervention participants and 396\u2003\u00b1\u2003228 among 17 controls. The candidiasis recurrence rates at 6\u2003months were 78% among intervention compared with 88% among control participants (hazard ratio 0.72; 95% CI 0.35\u20131.50). Performing oral hygiene after meals\/snacks showed the largest relative improvement: intervention\u2013control difference in proportion of meals\/snacks affected was 24% (95% CI \u22121 to 48%). Self\u2010diagnoses of candidiasis were inaccurate, possibly because of mild episodes. <jats:italic>Conclusions:<\/jats:italic>\u2002The results weakly indicate that regular instruction from healthcare professionals helps patients delay candidiasis recurrence by improving oral hygiene. Among HIV\u2010seropositive persons, those with poor oral hygiene, and high\u2010sugar diets are most likely to benefit.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2004.00154.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,19]],"date-time":"2004-05-19T10:02:08Z","timestamp":1084960928000},"page":"190-200","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Self\u2010care intervention to reduce oral candidiasis recurrences in HIV\u2010seropositive persons: a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Joan F.","family":"Hilton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurie A.","family":"MacPhail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Pascasio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herv\u00e9 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