{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T10:03:28Z","timestamp":1790417008443,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,23]],"date-time":"2007-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1179878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Comm Dent Oral Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objectives:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    This study sought to advance knowledge of the social determinants of oral health, by examining how several specific maternal health beliefs, behaviors, and psychosocial factors relate to young children's early childhood caries (ECC) status in a lower\u2010income African\u2013American population.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Data were collected by the Detroit Dental Health Project (NIDCR grant), a population\u2010based study of 1021 African\u2013American families with at least one child under 6\u2003years of age and living in 39 low\u2010income Census tracts in Detroit, Michigan. Analyses were limited to 719 children aged 1\u20135\u2003years and their biological mothers, and conducted in SUDAAN to account for the complex sampling design. Survey data included health belief scales on mothers\u2019 self\u2010efficacy, feelings of fatalism, knowledge about appropriate bottle use and children's oral hygiene needs, brushing habits, psychosocial measures of depressive symptoms (CES\u2010D), parenting stress, and availability of instrumental social support. The child's age, dental insurance status, dental visit history, and 1\u2010week brushing frequency were also included in the model. Children's ECC status, based on a dental examination, was the main outcome. The dental team used the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) criteria for caries detection. Each child was classified as either caries\u2010free or having ECC or severe ECC (S\u2010ECC) based on the case definition of ECC proposed by an expert panel for research purposes with preschool\u2010aged children.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    The dental team followed a specific examination protocol and established reliable and consistent ratings of ECC based on the ICDAS criteria. The inter\u2010rater reliability kappa was 0.83 overall, and the intra\u2010rater reliability kappa was 0.74 overall. One\u2010third of the children had ECC, and 20% had severe ECC. Age of the child and lower parenting stress scores were each positively associated with ECC, while higher education and income were protective. Maternal oral health fatalism and knowledge of children's hygiene needs were associated with ECC among preschool\u2010aged children. ECC was higher among younger children who had past restorative care.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    These findings call attention to the high prevalence of ECC in this population and the need to consider psychosocial as well as traditional risk factors in developing interventions to reduce oral health disparities.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2006.00352.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,23]],"date-time":"2007-05-23T20:10:56Z","timestamp":1179951056000},"page":"439-448","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":162,"title":["Psychosocial factors and early childhood caries among low\u2010income African\u2013American children in Detroit"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Tracy L.","family":"Finlayson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristine","family":"Siefert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amid I.","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woosung","family":"Sohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.4.760"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.90.6.843"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","volume-title":"Oral health: dental disease is a chronic problem among low\u2010income populations","author":"United States General Accounting Office","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","volume-title":"Preventing tooth decay and saving teeth with dental sealants","author":"National Maternal and Child Oral Health Resource Center","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","volume-title":"Oral health in America: a report of the Surgeon General \u2013 executive summary","author":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2003.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003335490512000413"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1367\/1539-4409(2002)002<0141:DIOHAA>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","first-page":"278","article-title":"Longitudinal evaluation of caries patterns from the primary to the mixed dentition","volume":"12","author":"Greenwell A","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-7325.1992.tb02245.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"413","article-title":"A biopsychosocial model to predict caries in preschool children","volume":"16","author":"Reisine S","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-7325.1996.tb02401.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-7325.1998.tb03008.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","first-page":"114","article-title":"Preschool caries as an indicator of future caries: a longitudinal study","volume":"25","author":"Peretz B","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","first-page":"302","article-title":"Effect of nursing caries on body weight in a pediatric population","volume":"14","author":"Acs G","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","first-page":"209","article-title":"The effect of nursing or rampant caries on body weight in a pediatric population","volume":"20","author":"Ayhan H","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-7325.1999.tb03267.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-7325.1996.tb02394.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1998.tb02094.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1998.tb02089.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-7325.1999.tb03268.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1998.0420"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1998.tb02092.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.6.e523"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200111000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","first-page":"71","volume-title":"Handbook of mental health and mental disorder among Black Americans","author":"Brown DR","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","first-page":"133","volume-title":"Handbook of mental health and mental disorder among Black Americans","author":"Dunston PJ","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","first-page":"292","article-title":"Oral health promotion for high\u2010risk children: case studies from British Columbia","volume":"69","author":"Harrison R","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Can Dent Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009576213027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345930720081301"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","first-page":"607","article-title":"Multidimensional causal model of dental caries development in low\u2010income preschool children","volume":"110","author":"Litt MD","year":"1995","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","first-page":"86","article-title":"Developing explanatory models of health inequalities in childhood dental caries","volume":"21","author":"Pine CM","year":"2004","journal-title":"Community Dent Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000047477"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","first-page":"279","article-title":"Social and psychological theories and their use for dental practice","volume":"43","author":"Reisine S","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2005.00249.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1993.tb00758.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_2","first-page":"17","article-title":"Infants and toddlers with caries. Mental health, family interaction, and life events in infants and toddlers with caries","volume":"19","author":"Wendt LK","year":"1995","journal-title":"Swed Dent J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_2","volume-title":"Parenting Stress Index","author":"Abidin R","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_2","volume-title":"Social foundations of thought and action","author":"Bandura A","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.44.9.1175"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_2","first-page":"235","volume-title":"Handbook of health psychology","author":"DeVellis BM","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_2","volume-title":"Health program planning: an educational and ecological approach","author":"Green LW","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2004.0048"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910408301S27"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345880670031401"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1992.tb01693.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000262404"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0528.2000.280106.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000077755"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_2","first-page":"365","article-title":"The 2001 Kentucky Childrens Oral Health Survey: Findings for children ages 24 to 59\u2003months and their caregivers","volume":"25","author":"Hardison JD","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_2","first-page":"21","article-title":"Early childhood caries: unique challenges and treatment options","volume":"22","author":"American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_2","first-page":"422","article-title":"Reliability and validity of brief measures of oral health\u2010related knowledge, fatalism, and self\u2010efficacy in mothers of African American children","volume":"27","author":"Finlayson TL","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00236"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_2","first-page":"177","volume-title":"Community surveys of psychiatric disorders","author":"Radloff LS","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_2","first-page":"170","volume-title":"Completing the portrayal of parenting behavior with interview based measures","author":"Morrison D","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.41.6.851"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.41.6.851"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-2445.2004.00012.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/0022-4537.00195"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_2","first-page":"253","volume-title":"Research on the quality of life","author":"House JS","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00769.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0087688"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_2","volume-title":"SAS statistical package, version 8","author":"SAS Institute, Inc","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_2","volume-title":"Software for the statistical analysis of correlated data. Version 8.0","author":"SUDAAN","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_67_2","volume-title":"SUDAAN's user's manual, release 8.0","author":"Research Triangle Institute","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_68_2","first-page":"167","article-title":"Ethnicity, location, age and fluoridation factors in baby bottle tooth decay and caries prevalence of Head Start children","volume":"107","author":"Barnes GP","year":"1992","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_69_2","first-page":"132","article-title":"A systematic review of the effectiveness of health promotion aimed at improving oral health","volume":"15","author":"Kay EJ","year":"1997","journal-title":"Community Dent Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/109019819402100109"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1996.tb00850.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_72_2","first-page":"22","article-title":"Parental awareness, habits, and social factors and their relationship to baby bottle tooth decay","volume":"19","author":"Febres C","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_73_2","first-page":"41","article-title":"Social and biological factors contributing to caries of the maxillary anterior teeth","volume":"15","author":"O'Sullivan DM","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_74_2","first-page":"376","article-title":"Mexican\u2010American parents with children at risk for baby bottle tooth decay: pilot study at a migrant farm\u2010workers clinic","volume":"59","author":"Weinstein P","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Dent Child"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_75_2","volume-title":"Healthy People 2010. Understanding and improving health. Objectives for improving health. 2 vols","author":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2626958"}],"container-title":["Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0528.2006.00352.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2006.00352.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T19:55:35Z","timestamp":1697054135000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2006.00352.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,22]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2006.00352.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2006.00352.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-5661","1600-0528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-5661","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,22]]}}}