{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T19:41:57Z","timestamp":1792006917056,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,7]],"date-time":"2006-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1154908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The term \u2018anti\u2010irritant\u2019 (AI) was coined in 1965 by Goldemberg to describe a diverse group of topical product ingredients, which were able to reduce the irritation potential of other more irritating ingredients in the same product. \u2018AIs\u2019 are being added to cosmetic formulations in order, allegedly, to benefit tolerability of the products and allow claims such as \u2018soothing\u2019 and \u2018healing\u2019 ingredients. Limited documentation in favour of the efficacy of AIs is published. We studied the dose\u2010related effect of 4 alleged AIs (nifedipine, (\u2013)\u2010\u03b1\u2010bisabolol, canola oil and glycerol) on experimentally induced acute irritation in healthy volunteers. Each AI was used in 3 concentrations. Acute irritation was induced by occlusive tests with 1% sodium lauryl sulfate and 20% nonanoic acid in <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010propanol. The irritant reactions were treated twice daily with AI\u2010containing formulations from the time of removal of the patches. Evaluation of skin irritation and efficacy of treatments were performed daily for 4 days using clinical scoring, evaporimetry (transepidermal water loss), hydration measurement and colourimetry. Only glycerol showed dose\u2013response and effects potentially better than no treatment. There was no significant effect and no difference between the three other AIs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2006.00752.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,7]],"date-time":"2006-08-07T15:15:38Z","timestamp":1154963738000},"page":"148-154","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Anti\u2010irritants I: dose\u2013response in acute irritation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Flemming","family":"Andersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Hedegaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas Kongstad","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Bindslev\u2010Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Fullerton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus Ejner","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"317","article-title":"Use of anti\u2010irritants in cosmetic formulating","volume":"16","author":"Goldemberg R L.","year":"1965","journal-title":"J Soc Cosmet Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"37","article-title":"Minimizing irritation in cosmetic foundations","volume":"156","author":"Goldemberg R.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Drug Cosmet Ind"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2494.1983.tb00350.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","first-page":"415","article-title":"Anti\u2010irritants","volume":"30","author":"Goldemberg R L","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Soc Cosmet Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","article-title":"The hairless guinea pig as a model for treatment of acute irritation in humans","author":"Andersen F","journal-title":"Skin Res Technol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","first-page":"615","article-title":"Zur entz\u00fcndungshemmenden Wirkung von (\u2010)\u2010\u03b1\u2010bisabolol, einem wesentlichen bestandteil des Kamillen\u00f6ls","volume":"19","author":"Jakovlev V","year":"1969","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1097194"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","unstructured":"StanzlK VollhardtJ NissenH P.Protective and curative in\u2010vivo efficacy of bisabolol against sodium hydroxide or SLS\u2010induced irritation on human skin \u2013 indication for a non\u2010linear dose\u2010response curve. Dragoco Cosmetics Special ReportJune 2001."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1996.tb07604.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1997.tb00213.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"51","article-title":"Prevention of stratum corneum lipid phase transition by glycerol \u2013 an alternative mechanism for skin moisturization","volume":"41","author":"Froebe C L","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Soc Cosmet Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","first-page":"89","article-title":"Prevention of model stratum corneum lipid phase transitions invitro by cosmetic additives \u2013 differential scanning calorimetry, optical microscopy and water evaporation studies","volume":"44","author":"Mattai J","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Soc Cosmet Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2494.1986.tb00583.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","first-page":"345","article-title":"Skin conditioning with glycerol","volume":"35","author":"Bissett D L","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Soc Cosmet Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00373429"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555573404406","article-title":"The influence of water, glycerin, paraffin oil and ethanol on skin mehanics","volume":"73","author":"Olsen L O","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","first-page":"13","article-title":"In vivo measurement of the stratum corneum elasticity","volume":"1","author":"De Rigal J","year":"1985","journal-title":"Bioeng Skin"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","first-page":"509","article-title":"Ist eine kombination von harnstoff und glycerin in externagrundlagen sinnvoll?","volume":"72","author":"Gloor M","year":"1997","journal-title":"Z Hautkr"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","first-page":"69","article-title":"Barrier creams commercially available barrier creams versus urea\u2010 and glycerol\u2010containing oil\u2010in\u2010water emulsions","volume":"43","author":"Grunewald A M","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dermatosen"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000017970"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/000155599750009825"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00915839"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199210000-00023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1997.d01-1024.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0192-0561(87)90046-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01534466"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000029841"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","first-page":"70","article-title":"Calcium channel blockers in acute inflammation","volume":"26","author":"Srivastava V K","year":"1988","journal-title":"Indian J Exp Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/DDC-120028711"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1997.tb00041.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","first-page":"117","volume-title":"Completely Randomised, Randomised Block and Latin Square Designs; Experimental Design.","author":"Cochran W","year":"1957"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02258.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1990.tb01553.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000056341"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.1997.tb00174.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_2","first-page":"199","volume-title":"Applied Mixed Models in Medicine; Statistics in Practice","author":"Brown H","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1989.tb08212.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_2","first-page":"33","volume-title":"Applied Mixed Models in Medicine; Statistics in Practice","author":"Brown H","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470316672","volume-title":"Multiple Comparison Procedures","author":"Hochberg Y","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2533558"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AndersenF HedegaardK PetersenT K FullertonA Bindslev\u2010JensenC AndersenK E.The hairless guinea\u2010pig as a model for treatment of cumulative irritation in humans.Skin Res Technol2006:12:60\u201367.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0909-725X.2006.00133.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_2","first-page":"111","article-title":"Zur wirkungspotenz verschiedener antiphlogistika bei der \u2018Carrageenin\u2010Entz\u00fcndung\u2019 im Vergleich zu anderen Entz\u00fcndungsmodellen","volume":"192","author":"M\u00f6rsdorf K","year":"1971","journal-title":"Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/CUS-200046181"}],"container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0536.2006.00752.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2006.00752.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T05:12:20Z","timestamp":1698729140000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2006.00752.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,7]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2006.00752.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2006.00752.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0105-1873","1600-0536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0105-1873","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,7]]}}}