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Studies have demonstrated that increasing dose has an impact; in an experimental setting, a number of variables received attention some decades ago. However, in the work reported here, the relative importance of the frequency and the duration of exposure is highlighted. In an investigation using a human repeated insult patch test, it was demonstrated that reduction of the exposure duration from 48 hr to 5 min decreased the rate of sensitization to 1% <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010phenylenediamine (PPD) from 54% to 3%. However, in an extended clinical study, it was observed that infrequent but longer duration and higher concentration exposure to PPD was significantly less likely to induce sensitization compared to more frequent, short duration, and lower concentration exposure. Detailed statistical analysis of the results indicated that the most important factor driving the induction of skin sensitization was the number of exposures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2006.00906.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,7]],"date-time":"2006-08-07T15:15:38Z","timestamp":1154963738000},"page":"178-185","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["The impact of exposure variables on the induction of skin sensitization"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"David A.","family":"Basketter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donna","family":"Jefferies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bob J.","family":"Safford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola J.","family":"Gilmour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian R.","family":"Jowsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Mcfadden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wannisa","family":"Chansinghakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Imelda","family":"Duangdeeden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Preya","family":"Kullavanijaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1263(199907\/08)19:4<261::AID-JAT572>3.0.CO;2-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039709383695"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2000.042006344.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(00)00165-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ajcd.2001.23926"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2004.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2005.00707.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2001.450603.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2002.470502.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0273-2300(02)00021-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1997.tb00205.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2002.460401.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2003.00192.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1966.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1966.159","article-title":"The identification of contact allergens by human assay. 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