{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T20:02:21Z","timestamp":1772222541696,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,9]],"date-time":"2006-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1163030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Although many allergens in metalworking fluids (MWF) are identified, there are still some MWF components, which are not sufficiently investigated concerning their sensitizing properties.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives:\u2002<\/jats:bold> To investigate sensitization to 10 frequently used MWF components, which are not part of the established MWF test series, in metalworkers with suspected occupational dermatitis due to MWF.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Patients\/Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Oleyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, dimethylolurea, 4,4\u2032\u2010methylenebis morpholine, imazalil, 1\u2010amino\u20102\u2010propanol (monoisopropanolamine; MIPA), 2\u2010amino\u20102\u2010ethyl\u20101,3\u2010propanediol (AEPD), 2,5\u2010bis(n\u2010octyldithio)\u20101,3,4\u2010thiadiazole, zinc alkyl dithiophosphate and dibenzyl disulfide have been patch tested in 144 patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> 7 patients reacted positively to the formaldehyde releaser 4,4\u2032\u2010methylenebis morpholine, and 6 of these patients also reacted to formaldehyde and\/or other formaldehyde releasers. 4 patients reacted positively to myristyl alcohol tested at 10% petrolatum (pet.). Additionally, 20 doubtful or irritant reactions occurred. 1 patient each reacted positively to oleyl alcohol, MIPA, and AEPD. None of the other test substances mentioned above elicited any clear\u2010cut positive reaction. Patch testing with well\u2010known MWF allergens showed proportions of positive reactions, which were comparable to those from other studies, e.g. 11% to monoethanolamine, 8% to colophonium and 3%\u20135% to various preservatives.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold> 4,4\u2032\u2010methylenebis morpholine may be an important MWF allergen, although clinical relevance could not be stated definitely in every case. Myristyl alcohol should not be patch tested at 10% pet., but at a lesser concentration, due to irritant properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2006.00993.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,9]],"date-time":"2006-11-09T16:56:18Z","timestamp":1163091378000},"page":"322-329","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Patch testing with components of water\u2010based metalworking fluids: results of a multicentre study with a second series"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Johannes","family":"Geier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Lessmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Detlef","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magnus","family":"Bruze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Frosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uta","family":"Jappe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Pf\u00f6hler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Skudlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-31301-X_33"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-07677-4_86"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","first-page":"232","article-title":"Vorschlag f\u00fcr die Epikutantestung bei Verdacht auf Kontaktallergie durch K\u00fchlschmierstoffe. 1. 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