{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T16:07:13Z","timestamp":1732032433537},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,15]],"date-time":"2007-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1181865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Risk assessment serves to ensure that dermal exposure to skin sensitizers does not result in the acquisition of allergic skin disease. Traditionally, the approach adopted was one of comparative analysis, involving benchmarking against other allergens of known potency. More recently, efforts have been made to embrace a quantitative risk assessment (QRA) approach. However, the accuracy of any risk assessment is reflected in the extent to which it meets the fundamental objective stated above. Thus, clinical experience is of key importance. There exists the possibility for the originators of risk assessments relating to chemicals that possess skin\u2010sensitizing potential to work directly with the clinical community to proactively obtain this experience through specific surveillance programmes. This forms the focus of this review article. The current status of the QRA approach is considered initially. A recently published example of one such surveillance programme that was undertaken as a collaborative initiative between industry and the clinical community is then reviewed. Finally, a possible strategy for the future is presented, in which it is suggested that surveillance strategies might be deployed in certain situations as an adjunct to the initial risk assessment. It is hoped that such a framework might further improve the efficacy of future approaches to skin sensitization risk assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2006.01082.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,16]],"date-time":"2007-06-16T13:59:06Z","timestamp":1182002346000},"page":"305-310","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Proactive surveillance of contact allergies: an important component of the risk management strategy for skin sensitizers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Ian R.","family":"Jowsey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2002.470601.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0273-2300(02)00021-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2005.00707.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2002.470502.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2001.450603.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2006.00872.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","article-title":"Preservatives and skin sensitization quantitative risk assessment: risk\/benefit considerations","author":"Basketter D A","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WilkinsonJ D ShawS AndersenK E.et al.Monitoring levels of preservative sensitivity in Europe. A 10\u2010year overview (1991\u20102000).Contact Dermatitis2002:46:207\u2013210.","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2002.460404.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2002.460401.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","first-page":"113","article-title":"Reconciling clinical data with risk: the Kathon biocide story","volume":"9","author":"Moss J N","year":"1994","journal-title":"Occup Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01634989-199009000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MarksJ GJr MossJ N ParnoJ Ret al.Methylchloroisothiazolinone\/methylisothiazolinone (Kathon CG) biocide \u2013 second United States multicenter study of human skin sensitization.Am J Contact Dermatitis1993:4:87\u201389.","DOI":"10.1097\/01634989-199306000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01747.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","first-page":"158","article-title":"Cosmocil CQ for delivery of gentle preservation and anti\u2010microbial effects in personal care products","author":"Cornish A","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cosmetics and Toiletries Manufacture Worldwide"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","unstructured":"European Cosmetics Directive 76\/768\/EEC (Annex VI)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","unstructured":"The Murine Local Lymph Node Assay: A Test Method for Assessing the Allergic Contact Dermatitis Potential of Chemicals\/Compounds \u2013 The Results of an Independent Peer Review Evaluation Coordinated by the Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM) and the National Toxicology Program Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods (NICEATM)(available fromhttp:\/\/iccvam.niehs.nih.gov\/methods\/llnadocs\/llnarep.pdf)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","unstructured":"McFaddenJ P WakelinS HollowayD B RycroftR J G WhiteI R BasketterD A.Positive patch test reactions to polyhexamethylene biguanide (Abstract).5th Congress of the European Society of Contact Dermatitis July 811 1998 Helsinki Finland."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","first-page":"302","article-title":"Polyhexamethylenebiguanide: a relevant contact allergen?","volume":"42","author":"Schnuch A","year":"2000","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","first-page":"36","article-title":"Epidemiology of contact dermatitis: the information network of the departments of dermatology (IVDK) in Germany \u2013 a surveillance system on contact allergies","volume":"8","author":"Uter W","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1997.tb02435.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2007.01089.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1987.tb01481.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1988.tb05494.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1988.tb02897.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1988.tb02898.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1992.tb05237.x"}],"container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0536.2006.01082.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2006.01082.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T00:41:50Z","timestamp":1698712910000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2006.01082.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2006.01082.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2006.01082.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0105-1873","1600-0536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0105-1873","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]}}}